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Review
. 2024 Mar 15;25(6):e202300679.
doi: 10.1002/cbic.202300679. Epub 2024 Jan 25.

Molybdenum-Copper Antagonism In Metalloenzymes And Anti-Copper Therapy

Biplab K Maiti  1 , Isabel Moura  2 , José J G Moura  2
Affiliations
Review

Molybdenum-Copper Antagonism In Metalloenzymes And Anti-Copper Therapy

Biplab K Maiti et al. Chembiochem. .

Abstract

The connection between 3d (Cu) and 4d (Mo) via the "Mo-S-Cu" unit is called Mo-Cu antagonism. Biology offers case studies of such interactions in metalloproteins such as Mo/Cu-CO Dehydrogenases (Mo/Cu-CODH), and Mo/Cu Orange Protein (Mo/Cu-ORP). The CODH significantly maintains the CO level in the atmosphere below the toxic level by converting it to non-toxic CO2 for respiring organisms. Several models were synthesized to understand the structure-function relationship of these native enzymes. However, this interaction was first observed in ruminants, and they convert molybdate (MoO4 2- ) into tetrathiomolybdate (MoS4 2- ; TTM), reacting with cellular Cu to yield biological unavailable Mo/S/Cu cluster, then developing Cu-deficiency diseases. These findings inspire the use of TTM as a Cu-sequester drug, especially for treating Cu-dependent human diseases such as Wilson diseases (WD) and cancer. It is well known that a balanced Cu homeostasis is essential for a wide range of biological processes, but negative consequence leads to cell toxicity. Therefore, this review aims to connect the Mo-Cu antagonism in metalloproteins and anti-copper therapy.

Keywords: Cu-overload Diseases; Cu−TTM Chelation therapy; Mo/Cu−CODH; Mo/Cu−Model compounds; Mo/Cu−ORP.

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