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. 2024 Dec 31;20(1):2297490.
doi: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2297490. Epub 2024 Jan 12.

How urban versus rural population relates to COVID-19 booster vaccine hesitancy: A propensity score matching design study

Yudong Miao  1 , Junwen Bai  1 , Zhanlei Shen  1 , Yi Li  1 , Wanliang Zhang  1 , Dongfang Zhu  1   2 , Ruizhe Ren  1 , Jingbao Zhang  1 , Dan Guo  1   3 , Clifford Silver Tarimo  1   4 , Wenyong Dong  5 , Rongmei Liu  6 , Qiuping Zhao  6 , Jianping Hu  7 , Miaojun Li  7 , Wei Wei  8
Affiliations

How urban versus rural population relates to COVID-19 booster vaccine hesitancy: A propensity score matching design study

Yudong Miao et al. Hum Vaccin Immunother. .

Abstract

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the vaccine hesitancy has significantly affected the vaccination. To evaluate the booster vaccine hesitancy and its influencing factors among urban and rural residents, as well as to estimate the net difference of booster vaccine hesitancy between urban and rural residents. We conducted a nationwide, cross-sectional Internet survey on 1-8 February 2023, and employed stratified random sampling technique to select participants (≥18 years old) from urban and rural areas. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the factors impacting booster vaccine hesitancy. Propensity Score Matching was used to estimate the net difference of COVID-19 booster vaccine hesitancy between urban and rural residents. The overall COVID-19 booster vaccine hesitancy rate of residents was 28.43%. The COVID-19 booster vaccine hesitancy rate among urban residents was found to be 34.70%, among rural residents was 20.25%. Chronic diseases, infection status, vaccination benefits, and trust in vaccine developers were associated with booster vaccine hesitancy among urban residents. Barriers of vaccination were associated with booster vaccine hesitancy among rural residents. PSM analysis showed that the urban residents have a higher booster vaccine hesitancy rate than rural residents, with a net difference of 6.20%. The vaccine hesitancy rate increased significantly, and the urban residents have a higher COVID-19 booster vaccine hesitancy than rural residents. It becomes crucial to enhance the dissemination of information regarding the advantages of vaccination and foster greater trust among urban residents toward the healthcare system.

Keywords: COVID-19 booster vaccine; China; PSM analysis; urban-rural differences; vaccine hesitancy.

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Conflict of interest statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
The flowchart of participants selection of this study.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
The prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and vaccine acceptance between urban and rural Chinese populations pre- and post-PSM.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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