Double-Amplified Electrochemiluminescence Immunoassay Sensor for Highly Sensitive Detection of CA19-9 Using a Ternary Semiconductor CdSSe

Abstract

In this paper, an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor for ultrasensitive detection of CA19-9 was constructed using ternary compound CdSSe nanoparticles as ECL emitter. The immunosensor employs Cu₂S and gold-doped diindium trioxide (Au-In₂O₃) nanocubes as coreaction accelerators to achieve a double-amplification strategy. In general, a hexagonal maple leaf-shaped Cu₂S with a large surface area was selected as the template, and the in situ growth of CdSSe on its surface was achieved using a hydrothermal method. The presence of Cu₂S not only inhibited the aggregation of CdSSe nanoparticles to reduce their surface energy but also acted as an ECL cathode coreaction promoter, facilitating the generation of SO₄^•-. Consequently, the ECL intensity of CdSSe was significantly enhanced, and the reduction potential was significantly lower. In addition, the template method was employed to synthesize Au-In₂O₃ nanocubes, which offers the advantage of directly connecting materials with antibodies, resulting in a more stable construction of the immunosensor. Furthermore, In₂O₃ serves as a coreaction promoter, enabling the amplification strategy for ECL intensity of CdSSe, thus contributing to the enhanced sensitivity and performance of the immunosensor. The constructed immunosensor exhibited a wide linear range (100 μU mL^-1 to 100 U mL^-1) and a low detection limit of 80 μU mL^-1, demonstrating its high potential and practical value for sensitive detection of CA19-9.