Mast Cells in Aspirin-Exacerbated Respiratory Disease

Abstract

Purpose of review: Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) is a syndrome of high type 2 inflammation and is known to critically involve mast cell activation. The mast cell is an important cell in the baseline inflammatory processes in the upper and lower airway by maintaining and amplifying type 2 inflammation. But it also is prominent in the hypersensitivity reaction to COX-1 inhibition which defines this condition.

Recent findings: Recent work highlights the mast cell as a focal point in AERD pathogenesis. Using AERD as a specific model of both high type 2 asthma and chronic sinusitis, the role of mast cell activity can be better understood in other aspects of airway inflammation. Further dissecting out the mechanism of COX-1-mediated mast cell activation in AERD will be an important next phase in our understanding of NSAID-induced hypersensitivity as well as AERD pathophysiology.

Keywords: Aspirin; Asthma; Chronic sinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP); Cycloxygenase-1; Cysteinyl leukotriene C4; Cysteinyl leukotriene D4; Cysteinyl leukotriene E4; Mast cell; Prostaglandin D2; Tryptase.