Childhood, adolescent, and adult primary brain and central nervous system tumor statistics for practicing healthcare providers in neuro-oncology, CBTRUS 2015-2019

Abstract

Background: The Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States (CBTRUS), in collaboration with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and National Cancer Institute (NCI), is the largest aggregation of histopathology-specific population-based data for primary brain and other central nervous system (CNS) in the US. CBTRUS publishes an annual statistical report which provides critical reference data for the broad neuro-oncology community. Here, we summarize the key findings from the 2022 CBTRUS annual statistical report for healthcare providers.

Methods: Incidence data were obtained from the CDC's National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR) and NCI's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program for 52 central cancer registries (CCRs). Survival data were obtained from 42 NPCR CCRs. All rates are per 100 000 and age-adjusted using the 2000 US standard population. Overall median survival was estimated using Kaplan-Meier models. Survival data for selected molecularly defined histopathologies are from the National Cancer Database. Mortality data are from the National Vital Statistics System.

Results: The average annual age-adjusted incidence rate of all primary brain and other CNS tumors was 24.25/100 000. Incidence was higher in females and non-Hispanics. The most commonly occurring malignant and predominately non-malignant tumors was glioblastoma (14% of all primary brain tumors) and meningioma (39% of all primary brain tumors), respectively. Mortality rates and overall median survival varied by age, sex, and histopathology.

Conclusions: This summary describes the most up-to-date population-based incidence, mortality, and survival, of primary brain and other CNS tumors in the US and aims to serve as a concise resource for neuro-oncology providers.

Keywords: Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States; brain tumors; epidemiology; neuro-oncology.

Figure 1.

(A) Average annual age-adjusted incidence of brain and other CNS tumors and all other cancers by age group at diagnosis, (B) proportion of total cancers occurring in brain and other CNS by age group at diagnosis; distribution of all primary brain and other CNS tumors by behavior for (C) children ages 0–14 years, (D) adolescents and young adults ages 15–39 years, and (E) adults ages 40 + years; age-adjusted incidence rates of brain and other CNS tumors by selected histopathologies (tumor types) within age group at diagnosis for (F) children ages 0–14 years, (G) adolescents and young adults ages 15–39 years, and (H) adults ages 40 + years. (Data from CBTRUS Annual Statistical Report: US Cancer Statistics—NPCR and SEER, 2015–2019).

Figure 2.

Average annual age-specific incidence rates with 95% confidence intervals and average annual cases for all primary brain andother CNS tumors in children ages A) 0–4 years, B) 5–9 years, C) 10–14 years, and D) 15–19 years (Data from CBTRUS Childhood and Adolescent Report: US Cancer Statistics—NPCR and SEER, 2014–2018, and the annual age-specific incidence rates and annual percent change (APC) with 95% confidence intervals of selected primary malignant and non-malignant brain and other CNS tumors and incidence trends by the five most common histopathologies (tumor types) by age group in children ages E) 0–4 years, F) 5–9 years, G) 10–14 years, and H) 15–19 years (Data from CBTRUS Childhood and Adolescent Report: US Cancer Statistics—NPCR and SEER, 2004–2018.)

Figure 3.

Kaplan–Meier survival curves for the five most common malignant histopathologies (tumor types) within age groups at diagnosis (ages 0–14 years, 15–39 years, and ages 40 + years). (Data from CBTRUS Annual Statistical Report: NPCR, 2001–2018.)