Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2024 Mar;416(6):1399-1405.
doi: 10.1007/s00216-024-05132-z. Epub 2024 Jan 16.

Arsenobetaine amide: a novel arsenic species detected in several mushroom species

Martin Walenta  1 , Andrea Raab  1 , Simone Braeuer  2 , Lorenz Steiner  3 , Jan Borovička  4   5 , Walter Goessler  6
Affiliations

Arsenobetaine amide: a novel arsenic species detected in several mushroom species

Martin Walenta et al. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2024 Mar.

Abstract

The total arsenic mass fraction as well as the arsenic speciation were studied in four different mushroom species with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, respectively. Arsenic mass fractions detected in the mushrooms were covering a range from 0.3 to 22 mg As kg-1 dry mass. For the arsenic speciation, species like arsenobetaine, inorganic arsenic, or dimethylarsinic acid were found, which are commonly detected in mushrooms, but it was also proven that the recently discovered novel compound homoarsenocholine is present in Amanita muscaria and Ramaria sanguinea. Moreover, a previously unidentified arsenic species was isolated from Ramaria sanguinea and identified as trimethylarsonioacetamide, or in short: arsenobetaine amide. This new arsenical was synthesized and verified by spiking experiments to be present in all investigated mushroom samples. Arsenobetaine amide could be an important intermediate to further elucidate the biotransformation pathways of arsenic in the environment.

Keywords: Arsenic speciation; HPLC-ICPMS; HR ESI-MS; Mushrooms; Ramaria sanguinea; Trimethylarsonioacetamide.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Arsenic species relevant for this publication
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Typical anion-exchange (a) and cation-exchange (b) chromatogram of a Macrolepiota procera 2 extract and a cation-exchange chromatogram (c) of a Ramaria sanguinea extract. Dotted lines show the extracts spiked with synthetic AB-amide. The small arrow indicates the void time of the method used
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Mass spectrum of HR ESI-MS of the UNK 1 (AB-amide) fraction collected
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Mass spectrum of HR ESI-MS of the synthesized AB-amide and potential structures [16] of the fragments detected
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Baldrian P, Větrovský T, Lepinay C, Kohout P. High-throughput sequencing view on the magnitude of global fungal diversity. Fungal Divers. 2022 doi: 10.1007/s13225-021-00472-y. - DOI
    1. Braeuer S, Goessler W. Arsenic species in mushrooms, with a focus on analytical methods for their determination - A critical review. Anal Chim Acta. 2019 doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.04.004. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Nearing MM, Koch I, Reimer KJ. Arsenic speciation in edible mushrooms. Environ Sci Technol. 2014 doi: 10.1021/es5038468. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Šlejkovec Z, Byrne AR, Stijve T, Goessler W, Irgolic KJ. Arsenic Compounds in Higher Fungi. Appl Organomet Chem. 1997 doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0739(199708)11:8<673::AID-AOC620>3.0.CO;2-1. - DOI
    1. Slekovec M, Goessler W, Irgolic KJ. Inorganic and organic arsenic compounds in Slovenian mushrooms: comparison of arsenic-specific detectors for liquid chromatography. Chem Speciation Bioavailability. 1999 doi: 10.3184/095422999782775618. - DOI

MeSH terms

Supplementary concepts