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. 2024 Jan 16;21(1):19.
doi: 10.1186/s12985-024-02292-3.

Epidemiology and genotypes analysis of human papillomavirus infection in Beijing, China

Jiao Wang  1 , Haotian Li  1 , Jieqiong Zhang  1 , Hui Wang  1 , Ying Li  1 , Zhaohui Liu  2 , Hongtu Liu  3
Affiliations

Epidemiology and genotypes analysis of human papillomavirus infection in Beijing, China

Jiao Wang et al. Virol J. .

Abstract

Background: This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) in the female population in Beijing, China, and identify the relationship between HPV genotypes and host factors.

Methods: HPV testing was performed on women aged 15-89 (mean age 38.0 ± 10.9 years) from Beijing in 2020. High-risk HPV genotyping real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to determine HPV genotypes. The overall prevalence, age-specific prevalence, genotype distribution, and the correlation between HPV genotypes and cervical cytology were analyzed.

Results: Among the 25,344 study participants, the single and double infection rates were 18.8% (4,777/25,344) and 4.2% (1,072/25,344), respectively. A total of 6,119 HPV-positive individuals were found to have 91.6% negative results for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy (NILM), 5.8% atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US), 0.9% low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), and 1.7% high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL). In single HPV infections, the HPV16 genotype was highly associated with cervical cytology severity (χ2 trend = 172.487, P < 0.001). Additionally, HPV infection rates increased gradually with age, and statistical differences were observed across age groups (χ2 = 180.575; P < 0.001). High-risk HPV genotypes were highly prevalent in women below 25 years of age and those aged 55-59 years. Cluster analysis revealed that the 13 HPV genotypes could be roughly divided into two groups in a single infection; however, patterns of infection consistent with biological characteristics were not observed.

Conclusion: High-risk HPV was found in 24.1% of outpatients, with HPV52, HPV58, HPV16, HPV39, and HPV51 being the most common high-risk genotypes. Single high-risk HPV infection was predominant. HPV16, HPV39, HPV51, and HPV52 were associated with cervical lesion progression. HPV16 infection was especially worrying since it aggravates cervical lesions. Because the infection rates of the 13 HPV genotypes differed by age, the peak HPV infection rate should not guide vaccination, screening, and prevention programs. Instead, these initiatives should be tailored based on the regional HPV distribution characteristics. Moreover, it was determined that Beijing's populace needed to receive treatment for HPV39 infection.

Keywords: Ages; Cervical cancer; Cervical lesions; Cluster analysis; High-risk HPV.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Cluster analysis of high-risk HPV genotypes and cervical cytological status
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
The prevalence by age of each high-risk HPV genotype in a single HPV infection
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Cluster analysis of HPV genotypes in single infection across age groups
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