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. 2023 Nov 22;25(4):182-192.
doi: 10.1016/j.ccrj.2023.10.004. eCollection 2023 Dec.

The impact of body mass index on long-term survival after ICU admission due to COVID-19: A retrospective multicentre study

Ashwin Subramaniam  1   2   3   4 , Ryan Ruiyang Ling  5 , Emma J Ridley  4   6 , David V Pilcher  4   7   8
Affiliations

The impact of body mass index on long-term survival after ICU admission due to COVID-19: A retrospective multicentre study

Ashwin Subramaniam et al. Crit Care Resusc. .

Abstract

Objective: The impact of obesity on long-term survival after intensive care unit (ICU) admission with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is unclear. We aimed to quantify the impact of obesity on time to death up to two years in patients admitted to Australian and New Zealand ICUs.

Design: Retrospective multicentre study.

Setting: 92 ICUs between 1st January 2020 through to 31st December 2020 in New Zealand and 31st March 2022 in Australia with COVID-19, reported in the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society adult patient database.

Participants: All patients with documented height and weight to estimate the body mass index (BMI) were included. Obesity was classified patients according to the World Health Organization recommendations.

Interventions and main outcome measures: The primary outcome was survival time up to two years after ICU admission. The effect of obesity on time to death was assessed using a Cox proportional hazards model. Confounders were acute illness severity, sex, frailty, hospital type and jurisdiction for all patients.

Results: We examined 2,931 patients; the median BMI was 30.2 (IQR 25.6-36.0) kg/m2. Patients with a BMI ≥30 kg/m2 were younger (median [IQR] age 57.7 [46.2-69.0] vs. 63.0 [50.0-73.6]; p < 0.001) than those with a BMI <30 kg/m2. Most patients (76.6%; 2,244/2,931) were discharged alive after ICU admission. The mortality at two years was highest for BMI categories <18.5 kg/m2 (35.4%) and 18.5-24.9 kg/m2 (31.1%), while lowest for BMI ≥40 kg/m2 (14.5%). After adjusting for confounders and with BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m2 category as a reference, only the BMI ≥40 kg/m2 category patients had improved survival up to 2 years (hazard ratio = 0.51; 95%CI: 0.34-0.76).

Conclusions: The obesity paradox appears to exist beyond hospital discharge in critically ill patients with COVID-19 admitted in Australian and New Zealand ICUs. A BMI ≥40 kg/m2 was associated with a higher survival time of up to two years.

Keywords: ANZICS adult patient database; Body mass index; COVID-19; Long-term survival; Obesity; Obesity paradox.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships that may be considered as potential competing interests: n/a If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Kaplan Meier up to 2-year survival curves based on BMI categories for all patients.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Relationship between obesity and up to 2-year survival in patients with severe COVID-19 admitted to Australian and New Zealand intensive care units.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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