Hidden dangers: High levels of organic pollutants in hadal trenches

Abstract

The "V"-shaped structure of hadal trenches acts as a natural collector of organic pollutants, drawing attention to the need for extensive research in these areas. Our review identifies significant concentrations of organic pollutants, including persistent organic pollutants, black carbon, antibiotic-resistant genes, and plastics, which often match those in industrialized regions. They may trace back to both human activities and natural sources, underscoring the trenches' critical role in ocean biogeochemical cycles. We highlight the complex lateral and vertical transport mechanisms within these zones. Advanced methodologies, including stable isotope analysis, biomarker identification, and chiral analysis within isotope-based mixing models, are crucial for discerning the origins and pathways of these pollutants. In forthcoming studies, we aim to explore advanced methods for precise pollutant tracing, develop predictive models to forecast the future distribution and impacts of pollutants in hadal zones and on the Earth's larger ecological systems.

Keywords: Anthropogenic and natural source; Hadal trench; Organic pollutant; Source tracer; Transport pathway.