Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2024 Jan 4:11:1258377.
doi: 10.3389/fped.2023.1258377. eCollection 2023.

Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the young children participation and environment measure for its use in Austria, Germany, and Switzerland

Beate Krieger  1 , Friedrich Ederer  2 , Ruth Amann  3 , Thomas Morgenthaler  1 , Christina Schulze  1 , Britta Dawal  4
Affiliations

Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the young children participation and environment measure for its use in Austria, Germany, and Switzerland

Beate Krieger et al. Front Pediatr. .

Abstract

Background: Concepts such as participation and environment may differ across cultures. Consequently, cultural equivalence must be assured when using a measure like the Young Children Participation and Environment Measure (YC-PEM) in other settings than the original English-speaking contexts. This study aimed to cross-culturally translate and adapt the YC-PEM into German as it is used in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland.

Methods: Following international guidelines, two translations were compared, and the research and expert team made the first adaptations. Twelve caregivers of children with and without disabilities from three German-speaking countries participated in two rounds of think-aloud interviews. Data were analyzed by content analysis to look for item, semantic, operational, conceptual, and measurement equivalence to reach a cultural equivalence version in German.

Results: Adaptations were needed in all fields but prominently in item, operational, and conceptual equivalence. Operational equivalence resulted in graphical adaptations in the instructions and questions to make the German version of YC-PEM, YC-PEM (G), more user-friendly.

Conclusion: This study presents a cross-cultural translation and adaptation process to develop a German version of the YC-PEM suitable for Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. A culturally adapted YC-PEM (G) is now available for research, practice, and further validation.

Keywords: assessment; children; community; environment; home; school; social participation; think-aloud.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Process of cross-cultural adaptation of YC-PEM to YC-PEM (G).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Page two YC-PEM (G) instructions (back translation) participation.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Page two YC-PEM (G) instructions (back translations) environment.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. WHO. International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Geneva: World Health Organization; (2001).
    1. WHO. International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health: Children & Youth Version: ICF-CY. Geneva: World Health Organization; (2007).
    1. Imms C, Granlund M, Wilson PH, Steenbergen B, Rosenbaum PL, Gordon AM. Participation, both a means and an end: a conceptual analysis of processes and outcomes in childhood disability. Dev Med Child Neurol. (2017) 59(1):16–25. 10.1111/dmcn.13237 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Imms C, Green D. Participation: optimising outcomes in childhood-onset neurodisability. In: Imms C, Green D, editors. Neurodisability. 1st ed. London: Mac Keith Press; (2020). p. 288.
    1. Maxwell G, Alves I, Granlund M. Participation and environmental aspects in education and the ICF and the ICF-CY: findings from a systematic literature review. Dev Neurorehabil. (2012) 15(1):63–78. 10.3109/17518423.2011.633108 - DOI - PubMed