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Review
. 2024 Jan 14;10(1):61.
doi: 10.3390/gels10010061.

Single-, Dual-, and Multi-Stimuli-Responsive Nanogels for Biomedical Applications

Naveen Kumar  1 , Sauraj Singh  2 , Piyush Sharma  3 , Bijender Kumar  4 , Anuj Kumar  5
Affiliations
Review

Single-, Dual-, and Multi-Stimuli-Responsive Nanogels for Biomedical Applications

Naveen Kumar et al. Gels. .

Abstract

In recent years, stimuli-responsive nanogels that can undergo suitable transitions under endogenous (e.g., pH, enzymes and reduction) or exogenous stimuli (e.g., temperature, light, and magnetic fields) for on-demand drug delivery, have received significant interest in biomedical fields, including drug delivery, tissue engineering, wound healing, and gene therapy due to their unique environment-sensitive properties. Furthermore, these nanogels have become very popular due to some of their special properties such as good hydrophilicity, high drug loading efficiency, flexibility, and excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability. In this article, the authors discuss current developments in the synthesis, properties, and biomedical applications of stimulus-responsive nanogels. In addition, the opportunities and challenges of nanogels for biomedical applications are also briefly predicted.

Keywords: drug delivery; nanogels; nanomedicine; stimuli-responsiveness; tissue engineering.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Schematic representation of (A) chemical and (B) physical cross-linking reactions during nanogel preparation.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Linkers and their cleavage susceptibility conditions.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Classification of materials used in nanogel synthesis.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Schematic representation of different nanogel preparation methods.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Schematic representation of cross-linked copolymer network structure of poly (Am-co-DADMAC) with NN-MBA.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Schematic representation of stimuli-responsive nanogels.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Chemical structure of some important pH-sensitive cationic and anionic polymers and their pKa values.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Structures of some temperature-sensitive polymers.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Different functional groups and photoreaction types used to design photoresponsive nanogels.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Dual- and multi-stimuli-responsive polymeric NPs as novel controlled drug delivery systems.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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