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Review
. 2024 Jan 5;46(1):585-611.
doi: 10.3390/cimb46010038.

Harnessing Natural Polymers for Nano-Scaffolds in Bone Tissue Engineering: A Comprehensive Overview of Bone Disease Treatment

Sushmita Saurav  1 , Prashish Sharma  1 , Anil Kumar  2 , Zeba Tabassum  1 , Madhuri Girdhar  3 , Narsimha Mamidi  4 , Anand Mohan  1
Affiliations
Review

Harnessing Natural Polymers for Nano-Scaffolds in Bone Tissue Engineering: A Comprehensive Overview of Bone Disease Treatment

Sushmita Saurav et al. Curr Issues Mol Biol. .

Abstract

Numerous surgeries are carried out to replace tissues that have been harmed by an illness or an accident. Due to various surgical interventions and the requirement of bone substitutes, the emerging field of bone tissue engineering attempts to repair damaged tissues with the help of scaffolds. These scaffolds act as template for bone regeneration by controlling the development of new cells. For the creation of functional tissues and organs, there are three elements of bone tissue engineering that play very crucial role: cells, signals and scaffolds. For the achievement of these aims, various types of natural polymers, like chitosan, chitin, cellulose, albumin and silk fibroin, have been used for the preparation of scaffolds. Scaffolds produced from natural polymers have many advantages: they are less immunogenic as well as being biodegradable, biocompatible, non-toxic and cost effective. The hierarchal structure of bone, from microscale to nanoscale, is mostly made up of organic and inorganic components like nanohydroxyapatite and collagen components. This review paper summarizes the knowledge and updates the information about the use of natural polymers for the preparation of scaffolds, with their application in recent research trends and development in the area of bone tissue engineering (BTE). The article extensively explores the related research to analyze the advancement of nanotechnology for the treatment of bone-related diseases and bone repair.

Keywords: biopolymers; bone regeneration; nano-scaffolds; nanostructure; tissue engineering.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 2
Figure 2
Applications of different scaffolds in the field of tissue engineering. Modified from Journal of Polymer Research [27].
Figure 1
Figure 1
Different types of nanomaterials in nanometer range.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Applications of chitosan in various fields.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Sources of plant and bacterial cellulose and its application in tissue engineering.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Sources and preparation of albumin scaffold for bone regeneration.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Sources and structure of silk fiber.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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