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. 2023 Jun;7(2):10.2217/3dp-2022-0023.
doi: 10.2217/3dp-2022-0023. Epub 2023 Apr 4.

3D-bioprinted cardiac tissues and their potential for disease modeling

Milena Restan Perez  1 , Victor Alisson da Silva  2 , Polette Esmeralda Cortez  3 , Binata Joddar  3 , Stephanie Michelle Willerth  1   2   4   5   6
Affiliations

3D-bioprinted cardiac tissues and their potential for disease modeling

Milena Restan Perez et al. J 3D Print Med. 2023 Jun.

Abstract

Heart diseases cause over 17.9 million total deaths globally, making them the leading source of mortality. The aim of this review is to describe the characteristic mechanical, chemical and cellular properties of human cardiac tissue and how these properties can be mimicked in 3D bioprinted tissues. Furthermore, the authors review how current healthy cardiac models are being 3D bioprinted using extrusion-, laser- and inkjet-based printers. The review then discusses the pathologies of cardiac diseases and how bioprinting could be used to fabricate models to study these diseases and potentially find new drug targets for such diseases. Finally, the challenges and future directions of cardiac disease modeling using 3D bioprinting techniques are explored.

Keywords: bioprinting; cardiac tissues; cardiomyocytes; disease modelling; review; stem cells.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.. How the native properties of cardiac tissue, including the native cells and embryonic stem cell composition, can be translated to a functional 3D bioprinted model.
ECM: Extracellular matrix.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.. Comparison of inkjet-, extrusion- and laser-based bioprinters for cardiac model development.
The highest cell viability was found in inkjet- and laser-based bioinks, whereas extrusion-based had the lowest. For mechanical properties, the extrusion-based provided more options. For resolution, the best was laser-based, followed by inkjet- and finally extrusion-based. For bioink variety, the best was extrusion-based bioprinters. The most and least user-friendly were extrusion- and laser-based bioprinters, respectively. Finally, the most affordable was extrusion-based, followed by inkjet and laser bioprinters.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
How cardiac diseases (vascular, arrhythmia, structural and acute conditions) can be modeled using 3D bioprinting.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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    2. • This article provides interesting insights into the advantages and disadvantages of small and large animal models, which is important for this review, since it provides insights into the need for other types of models such as bioprinted models.

    1. Savoji H, Mohammadi MH, Rafatian N et al. Cardiovascular disease models: a game changing paradigm in drug discovery and screening. Biomaterials 198, 3–26 (2019). - PMC - PubMed

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