Intelligent digital tools for screening of brain connectivity and dementia risk estimation in people affected by mild cognitive impairment: the AI-Mind clinical study protocol

Ira H Haraldsen¹, Christoffer Hatlestad-Hall^{1

2}, Camillo Marra^{3

4}, Hanna Renvall^{5

6}, Fernando Maestú^{7

8

9}, Jorge Acosta-Hernández¹⁰, Soraya Alfonsin^{7

8}, Vebjørn Andersson¹, Abhilash Anand¹¹, Victor Ayllón¹², Aleksandar Babic¹³, Asma Belhadi^{14

15}, Cindy Birck¹⁶, Ricardo Bruña^{7

9

17}, Naike Caraglia³, Claudia Carrarini¹⁸, Erik Christensen¹⁹, Americo Cicchetti²⁰, Signe Daugbjerg²⁰, Rossella Di Bidino²⁰, Ana Diaz-Ponce¹⁶, Ainar Drews²¹, Guido Maria Giuffrè^{3

4}, Jean Georges¹⁶, Pedro Gil-Gregorio^{22

23}, Dianne Gove¹⁶, Tim M Govers²⁴, Harry Hallock¹³, Marja Hietanen²⁵, Lone Holmen¹, Jaakko Hotta²⁶, Samuel Kaski^{27

28}, Rabindra Khadka^{14

15}, Antti S Kinnunen⁶, Anne M Koivisto^{26

29

30}, Shrikanth Kulashekhar⁶, Denis Larsen^{14

15}, Mia Liljeström^{5

6}, Pedro G Lind^{14

15}, Alberto Marcos Dolado^{9

31}, Serena Marshall¹³, Susanne Merz⁵, Francesca Miraglia¹⁸, Juha Montonen⁶, Ville Mäntynen⁶, Anne Rita Øksengård³², Javier Olazarán³³, Teemu Paajanen³⁴, José M Peña¹², Luis Peña¹², Daniel Lrabien Peniche³⁵, Ana S Perez¹, Mohamed Radwan^{14

15}, Federico Ramírez-Toraño^{7

8}, Andrea Rodríguez-Pedrero^{7

8}, Timo Saarinen⁶, Mario Salas-Carrillo^{9

36}, Riitta Salmelin⁵, Sonia Sousa³⁵, Abdillah Suyuthi¹¹, Mathias Toft^{1

37}, Pablo Toharia¹⁰, Thomas Tveitstøl¹, Mats Tveter¹, Ramesh Upreti¹, Robin J Vermeulen²⁴, Fabrizio Vecchio^{18

38}, Anis Yazidi^{14

15}, Paolo Maria Rossini¹⁸

Affiliations

¹ Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
² BrainSymph AS, Oslo, Norway.
³ Memory Clinic, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
⁴ Department of Neuroscience, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
⁵ Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Helsinki, Finland.
⁶ BioMag Laboratory, HUS Medical Imaging Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki University and Aalto University School of Science, Helsinki, Finland.
⁷ Centre for Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
⁸ Department of Experimental Psychology, Cognitive Psychology and Speech and Language Therapy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain.
⁹ Institute of Sanitary Investigation (IdISSC), San Carlos University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
¹⁰ Center for Computational Simulation, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
¹¹ Performance and Assurance Solutions, Digital Solutions, DNV, Oslo, Norway.
¹² Lurtis Rules S.L., Madrid, Spain.
¹³ Healthcare Programme, Group Research and Development, DNV, Oslo, Norway.
¹⁴ Department of Computer Science, OsloMet-Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway.
¹⁵ NordSTAR-Nordic Center for Sustainable and Trustworthy AI Research, Oslo, Norway.
¹⁶ Alzheimer Europe, Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
¹⁷ Department of Radiology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
¹⁸ Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS San Raffaele, Rome, Italy.
¹⁹ Pre Diagnostics AS, Oslo, Norway.
²⁰ The Graduate School of Health Economics and Management (ALTEMS), Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
²¹ IT Department, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
²² Department of Geriatric Medicine, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain.
²³ Department of Geriatrics, Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain.
²⁴ Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
²⁵ Division of Neuropsychology, HUS Neurocenter, Helsinki University Hospital and Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland.
²⁶ Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital and Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
²⁷ Department of Computer Science, Helsinki Institute of Information Technology, Aalto University, Helsinki, Finland.
²⁸ Department of Computer Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
²⁹ Department of Neurosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
³⁰ Neurocenter, Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
³¹ Neurology Department, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain.
³² The Norwegian Health Association, Oslo, Norway.
³³ Neurology Service, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.
³⁴ Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland.
³⁵ School of Digital Technologies, Tallinn University, Tallinn, Estonia.
³⁶ Memory Unit, Department of Geriatrics, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain.
³⁷ Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
³⁸ Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, eCampus University, Como, Italy.

PMID: 38250599
PMCID: PMC10796757
DOI: 10.3389/fnbot.2023.1289406

Intelligent digital tools for screening of brain connectivity and dementia risk estimation in people affected by mild cognitive impairment: the AI-Mind clinical study protocol

Ira H Haraldsen et al. Front Neurorobot. 2024.

. 2024 Jan 5:17:1289406.

doi: 10.3389/fnbot.2023.1289406. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
² BrainSymph AS, Oslo, Norway.
³ Memory Clinic, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
⁴ Department of Neuroscience, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
⁵ Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Helsinki, Finland.
⁶ BioMag Laboratory, HUS Medical Imaging Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki University and Aalto University School of Science, Helsinki, Finland.
⁷ Centre for Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
⁸ Department of Experimental Psychology, Cognitive Psychology and Speech and Language Therapy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain.
⁹ Institute of Sanitary Investigation (IdISSC), San Carlos University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
¹⁰ Center for Computational Simulation, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
¹¹ Performance and Assurance Solutions, Digital Solutions, DNV, Oslo, Norway.
¹² Lurtis Rules S.L., Madrid, Spain.
¹³ Healthcare Programme, Group Research and Development, DNV, Oslo, Norway.
¹⁴ Department of Computer Science, OsloMet-Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway.
¹⁵ NordSTAR-Nordic Center for Sustainable and Trustworthy AI Research, Oslo, Norway.
¹⁶ Alzheimer Europe, Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
¹⁷ Department of Radiology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
¹⁸ Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS San Raffaele, Rome, Italy.
¹⁹ Pre Diagnostics AS, Oslo, Norway.
²⁰ The Graduate School of Health Economics and Management (ALTEMS), Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
²¹ IT Department, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
²² Department of Geriatric Medicine, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain.
²³ Department of Geriatrics, Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain.
²⁴ Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
²⁵ Division of Neuropsychology, HUS Neurocenter, Helsinki University Hospital and Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland.
²⁶ Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital and Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
²⁷ Department of Computer Science, Helsinki Institute of Information Technology, Aalto University, Helsinki, Finland.
²⁸ Department of Computer Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
²⁹ Department of Neurosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
³⁰ Neurocenter, Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
³¹ Neurology Department, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain.
³² The Norwegian Health Association, Oslo, Norway.
³³ Neurology Service, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.
³⁴ Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland.
³⁵ School of Digital Technologies, Tallinn University, Tallinn, Estonia.
³⁶ Memory Unit, Department of Geriatrics, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain.
³⁷ Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
³⁸ Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, eCampus University, Como, Italy.

PMID: 38250599
PMCID: PMC10796757
DOI: 10.3389/fnbot.2023.1289406

Abstract

More than 10 million Europeans show signs of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a transitional stage between normal brain aging and dementia stage memory disorder. The path MCI takes can be divergent; while some maintain stability or even revert to cognitive norms, alarmingly, up to half of the cases progress to dementia within 5 years. Current diagnostic practice lacks the necessary screening tools to identify those at risk of progression. The European patient experience often involves a long journey from the initial signs of MCI to the eventual diagnosis of dementia. The trajectory is far from ideal. Here, we introduce the AI-Mind project, a pioneering initiative with an innovative approach to early risk assessment through the implementation of advanced artificial intelligence (AI) on multimodal data. The cutting-edge AI-based tools developed in the project aim not only to accelerate the diagnostic process but also to deliver highly accurate predictions regarding an individual's risk of developing dementia when prevention and intervention may still be possible. AI-Mind is a European Research and Innovation Action (RIA H2020-SC1-BHC-06-2020, No. 964220) financed between 2021 and 2026. First, the AI-Mind Connector identifies dysfunctional brain networks based on high-density magneto- and electroencephalography (M/EEG) recordings. Second, the AI-Mind Predictor predicts dementia risk using data from the Connector, enriched with computerized cognitive tests, genetic and protein biomarkers, as well as sociodemographic and clinical variables. AI-Mind is integrated within a network of major European initiatives, including The Virtual Brain, The Virtual Epileptic Patient, and EBRAINS AISBL service for sensitive data, HealthDataCloud, where big patient data are generated for advancing digital and virtual twin technology development. AI-Mind's innovation lies not only in its early prediction of dementia risk, but it also enables a virtual laboratory scenario for hypothesis-driven personalized intervention research. This article introduces the background of the AI-Mind project and its clinical study protocol, setting the stage for future scientific contributions.

Keywords: AI-Mind; artificial intelligence; clinical study protocol; dementia; electroencephalography (EEG); machine learning; magnetoencephalography (MEG); mild cognitive impairment.

Copyright © 2024 Haraldsen, Hatlestad-Hall, Marra, Renvall, Maestú, Acosta-Hernández, Alfonsin, Andersson, Anand, Ayllón, Babic, Belhadi, Birck, Bruña, Caraglia, Carrarini, Christensen, Cicchetti, Daugbjerg, Di Bidino, Diaz-Ponce, Drews, Giuffrè, Georges, Gil-Gregorio, Gove, Govers, Hallock, Hietanen, Holmen, Hotta, Kaski, Khadka, Kinnunen, Koivisto, Kulashekhar, Larsen, Liljeström, Lind, Marcos Dolado, Marshall, Merz, Miraglia, Montonen, Mäntynen, Øksengård, Olazarán, Paajanen, Peña, Peña, Peniche, Perez, Radwan, Ramírez-Toraño, Rodríguez-Pedrero, Saarinen, Salas-Carrillo, Salmelin, Sousa, Suyuthi, Toft, Toharia, Tveitstøl, Tveter, Upreti, Vermeulen, Vecchio, Yazidi and Rossini.

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Conflict of interest statement

CH-H was employed by BrainSymph AS. VAy, JP, and LP were employed by Lurtis Rules S.L. EC was employed by Pre Diagnostics AS. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

**Figure 1**
High-level AI-Mind study data flow.

See this image and copyright information in PMC

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Intelligent digital tools for screening of brain connectivity and dementia risk estimation in people affected by mild cognitive impairment: the AI-Mind clinical study protocol

Affiliations

Intelligent digital tools for screening of brain connectivity and dementia risk estimation in people affected by mild cognitive impairment: the AI-Mind clinical study protocol

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

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References

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