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. 2024 Jan 19:22.
doi: 10.18332/tid/175632. eCollection 2024.

Smoking and secondhand smoke exposure and carotid intima-media thickness: Baseline data from the Aidai Cohort Study in Japan

Makoto Saito  1   2 , Yoshihiro Miyake  1   3   4   5 , Keiko Tanaka  1   3   4   5 , Chisato Nagata  6 , Hidenori Senba  3   7 , Yasuko Hasebe  8 , Toyohisa Miyata  3   9 , Takashi Higaki  9 , Eizen Kimura  1   5   10 , Bunzo Matsuura  11 , Osamu Yamaguchi  1   12 , Ryuichi Kawamoto  1   13
Affiliations

Smoking and secondhand smoke exposure and carotid intima-media thickness: Baseline data from the Aidai Cohort Study in Japan

Makoto Saito et al. Tob Induc Dis. .

Abstract

Introduction: Epidemiological evidence regarding the relationship between smoking and secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) has been limited in Asian populations. Employing baseline data from the Aidai Cohort Study, Japan, we evaluated the evidence in this cross-sectional study.

Methods: Study subjects were 727 men aged 35-88 years and 1297 women aged 34-85 years. Information on smoking, SHS exposure, and confounders was obtained through a self-administered questionnaire. An automated carotid ultrasonography device was used to measure the right and left CIMT. The greatest CIMT measurement in the left or right common carotid artery was considered the maximum CIMT, and a maximum CIMT >1.0 mm was indicative of carotid wall thickening. Age, alcohol consumption, leisure time physical activity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, body mass index, waist circumference, employment, and education level were adjusted at one time.

Results: The prevalence of carotid wall thickening was 13.0%. The prevalence of never smoking was 30.5% in men and 90.1% in women. Among those who had never smoked, the prevalence of never SHS exposure at home and work was 74.3% and 48.2% in men and 38.3% and 56.3% in women, respectively. Active smoking and pack-years of smoking were independently positively related to carotid wall thickening regardless of sex, although the association with current smoking in women was not significant. Independent positive relationships were shown between former smoking and pack-years of smoking and maximum CIMT in men but not in women. No significant relationships were found between SHS exposure at home and work and carotid wall thickening or maximum CIMT in either men or women.

Conclusions: Active smoking, especially pack-years of smoking, was positively associated with carotid wall thickening in both sexes. Such positive associations with maximum CIMT were found only in men; however, interactions between smoking and sex were not significant.

Keywords: Japanese; carotid intima-media thickness; cross-sectional study; secondhand smoke exposure; smoking.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have completed and submitted the ICMJE Form for Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest and none was reported.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Multivariate-adjusted odds ratios for carotid wall thickening compared with having never smoked
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