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. 2023 Dec 30;12(1):44.
doi: 10.3390/vaccines12010044.

Comparative Analysis of Primary and Monovalent Booster SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Coverage in Adults with and without HIV in Catalonia, Spain

Daniel Kwakye Nomah  1   2 , Juliana Reyes-Urueña  1 , Lucía Alonso  1 , Yesika Díaz  1   2   3 , Sergio Moreno-Fornés  1   2   3 , Jordi Aceiton  1   2 , Andreu Bruguera  1   2   3   4 , Raquel Martín-Iguacel  1   5 , Arkaitz Imaz  6 , Maria Del Mar Gutierrez  7 , Ramón W Román  8 , Paula Suanzes  9 , Juan Ambrosioni  10   11 , Jordi Casabona  1   2   3   4 , Jose M Miro  10   11 , Josep M Llibre  12 , The Piscis Study Group
Affiliations

Comparative Analysis of Primary and Monovalent Booster SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Coverage in Adults with and without HIV in Catalonia, Spain

Daniel Kwakye Nomah et al. Vaccines (Basel). .

Abstract

People with HIV (PWH) may be more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection and worse clinical outcomes. We investigated the disparity in SARS-CoV-2 vaccination coverage between PWH and those without HIV (PWoH) in Catalonia, Spain, assessing primary and monovalent booster vaccination coverage from December 2021 to July 2022. The vaccines administered were BNT162, ChAdOx1-S, mRNA-127, and Ad26.COV2.S. Using a 1:10 ratio of PWH to PWoH based on sex, age, and socioeconomic deprivation, the analysis included 201,630 individuals (183,300 PWoH and 18,330 PWH). Despite a higher prevalence of comorbidities, PWH exhibited lower rates of complete primary vaccination (78.2% vs. 81.8%, p < 0.001) but surpassed PWoH in booster coverage (68.5% vs. 63.1%, p < 0.001). Notably, complete vaccination rates were lower among PWH with CD4 <200 cells/μL, detectable HIV viremia, and migrants compared to PWoH (p < 0.001, all). However, PWH with CD4 < 200 cells/μL received more boosters (p < 0.001). In multivariable logistic regression analysis of the overall population, a prior SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis, HIV status, migrants, and mild-to-severe socioeconomic deprivation were associated with lower primary vaccination coverage, reflecting barriers to healthcare and vaccine access. However, booster vaccination was higher among PWH. Targeted interventions are needed to improve vaccine coverage and address hesitancy in vulnerable populations.

Keywords: COVID-19; HIV; SARS-CoV-2; booster doses; vaccination.

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Conflict of interest statement

JMM reported receiving a personal 80:20 research grant from Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain, during 2017–24 and consulting honoraria and/or research grants from Angelini, Contrafect, Genentech, Gilead Sciences, Jansen, Lysovant, Medtronic, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, and ViiV Healthcare, outside the submitted work. DKN reported receiving consultation fees from OPIS outside the submitted work. JA has received personal fees from ViiV, Gilead, Janssen and MSD, has participated in Advisory Boards for ViiV, Gilead, Janssen and MSD, received funding for research from ViiV, Gilead and MSD, has been member of Data Safety Monitoring Boards for HIPRA and Grifols, all outside the current work. AI reported that his institution received research grants from Gilead Sciences, MSD, Janssen and ViiV and he personally received consultation fees from Gilead Sciences, Janssen, ViiV Healthcare, and Thera Technologies; honoraria for lectures and presentations from Gilead Sciences, MSD, Jansen, and ViiV Healthcare; travel support for attending meetings from Gilead Sciences, Jansen, and ViiV Healthcare, all outside the submitted work. JML has received consulting honoraria from Gilead Sciences, Janssen-Cilag, and ViiV Healthcare, all of them outside of the present work. RMI has received consulting honoraria from ViiV Healthcare and MSD outside the submitted work. PS has received honoraria and/or speaking fees from Gilead, Janssen-Cilag, Merck Sharp & Dome, Pfizer, and ViiV Healthcare, and has received a research grant from ViiV Healthcare, all outside of the submitted work. For the remaining authors, no conflicts of interest were declared. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Cumulative incidence of complete primary SARS-CoV-2 vaccination stratified by (A) HIV status, (B) CD4 count and HIV status, (C) HIV viral suppression and HIV status, and (D) country of origin and HIV status. Abbreviations: PWH, people with HIV; PWoH, people without HIV; VL, HIV RNA viral load.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Cumulative incidence of booster SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations stratified by (A) HIV status, (B) CD4 count and HIV status, (C) HIV viral suppression and HIV status, and (D) country of origin and HIV status. Abbreviations: PWH, people with HIV; PWoH, people without HIV; VL, HIV RNA viral load.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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