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. 2024 Jan 11;12(1):56.
doi: 10.3390/toxics12010056.

Effects of Cu (II) on the Growth of Chlorella vulgaris and Its Removal Efficiency of Pollutants in Synthetic Piggery Digestate

Yaqiong Zeng  1   2 , Xiaoqing Chen  3 , Jiaming Zhu  1   2 , Dingbiao Long  1   2 , Yue Jian  1   2 , Qiong Tan  1   2 , Hao Wang  1   2
Affiliations

Effects of Cu (II) on the Growth of Chlorella vulgaris and Its Removal Efficiency of Pollutants in Synthetic Piggery Digestate

Yaqiong Zeng et al. Toxics. .

Abstract

C. vulgaris has a positive effect on the removal of nutrients from pig farm biogas slurry. However, swine wastewater often contains heavy metal ions, such as Cu (II), which may have impacts on the nutrient removal performance of C. vulgaris. Additionally, the heavy metal ions in wastewater can be adsorbed by microalgae. In this study, the stress effect of Cu (II) on the growth of Chlorella vulgaris, the Cu (II) removal by microalgae, and the effect of different concentrations of Cu (II) on the nutrient removal efficiency of C. vulgaris in biogas slurries were explored. The results showed that the microalgae biomass of microalgae on the sixth day of the experiment was the highest in the treatment with a Cu (II) concentration of 0.5 mg/L, which was 30.1% higher than that of the 2.5 mg/L group. C. vulgaris had higher removal efficiencies of Cu (II) at a Cu (II) concentration of 0.1~1.5 mg/L. The-OH, C=O, -COOH, and C-O groups on the surface of the algal cells play a significant role in the removal of Cu (II). The removal rates of COD, NH3-N, TN, and TP by C. vulgaris at a Cu (II) concentration of 0.5 mg/L were the highest, which were 89.0%, 53.7%, 69.6%, and 47.3%, respectively.

Keywords: Chlorella vulgaris; Cu (II); piggery digestate; removal efficiency of pollutant.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Linear regression between the dry weight of microalgae biomass and optical density.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Dynamic changes in microalgae biomass with various concentrations of Cu (II) in swine wastewater.
Figure 3
Figure 3
MDA (A) and protein (B) content in algae cells at different Cu (II) concentrations. Different superscripts for each column indicate significant difference (p < 0.05).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Changes in Cu (II) concentration with culture time (A) and Cu (II) removal efficiency by microalgae (B). Different superscripts for each column indicate significant difference (p < 0.05).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Scanning electron microscope micrograph of C. vulgaris at Cu (II) concentrations of 0.5 mg/L (a) and 2.5 mg/L (b).
Figure 6
Figure 6
FTIR spectra (a) and XPS patterns (b) of C. vulgaris at Cu (II) concentrations of 0 and 1.5 mg/L.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Nutrient removal rate of microalgae cultured in wastewater with different Cu (II) concentrations. Different superscripts for each nutrient indicate significant difference (p < 0.05).
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