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. 2024 Jan 22;24(1):115.
doi: 10.1186/s12879-023-08798-5.

The clinical significance of plasma sCD25 as valuable biomarker for progression and prognosis of tuberculosis

Xin Yu #  1 , Yayan Niu #  1 , Junchi Xu #  2 , Xiaolong Zhang  3 , Haiyan Wu  1 , Yuhan Wang  1 , Jianping Zhang  4 , Meiying Wu  5
Affiliations

The clinical significance of plasma sCD25 as valuable biomarker for progression and prognosis of tuberculosis

Xin Yu et al. BMC Infect Dis. .

Abstract

Background: sCD25 is an important immune molecule for T cell regulation. Tracking the detection of plasma sCD25 plays an important role in the evaluation of immune function, progression, and prognosis of tuberculosis (TB) patients. This study analyzed the association of plasma sCD25 levels with clinical, laboratory, CT imaging characteristics, and clinical outcome of TB patients.

Methods: The clinical data of 303 TB patients treated in the Fifth People's Hospital of Suzhou from October 2019 to January 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The levels of sCD25 in plasma were detected by ELISA. According to the cut-off threshold of plasma sCD25 levels, the patients were divided into a low-value group (Group TB1) and a high-value group (Group TB2). The association of plasma sCD25 levels with clinical, laboratory, and CT imaging characteristics of TB patients, as well as their TB treatment outcome were analyzed.

Results: The levels of plasma sCD25 of patients with TB patients were higher than that of the healthy control group (P < 0.01). Among the 303 TB patients, the levels were increased in Group TB2 patients (0.602 ± 0.216 vs. 1.717 ± 0.604 ng/ml, P < 0.001), and there was a progressive reduction after anti-TB treatment. Furthermore, patients in Group TB2 showed higher positive rates in sputum smear (52.0% vs. 34.3%; P = 0.003), sputum culture (69.7% vs. 56.9%; P = 0.032), Xpert MTB/RIF (66.3% vs. 51.2%; P = 0.013) and TB-DNA (51.5% vs. 31.2%; P = 0.001) than those in Group TB1. Patients in Group TB2 had higher incidence in cough (78.8% vs. 62.3%; P = 0.004), expectoration (64.4% vs. 45.1%; P = 0.001), concomitant extrapulmonary TB (14.1% vs. 5.9%; P = 0.016), cavities (47.9% vs. 34.0%; P = 0.022), and unfavorable outcomes after anti-TB treatment.

Conclusion: The clinical, laboratory and radiological manifestations of TB patients with high plasma sCD25 levels indicate that the disease is more severe. Tracking plasma sCD25 detection of TB patients has evident clinical significance. It is noteworthy that when the plasma sCD25 levels are significantly elevated, patients should be cautious of the TB progression and disease severity.

Keywords: Plasma sCD25; Prognosis; Progression; Treatment outcome; Tuberculosis.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Flow diagram of the selection of patients for inclusion
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Plasma levels of sCD25 in HC and TB patients. The levels of sCD25 in plasma were detected by ELISA. A Plasma levels of sCD25 in healthy controls (HC) and TB patients. B The levels of sCD25 in the below (Group TB1) and above cut-off value group (Group TB2). Data are mean ± SD, *** P < 0.001
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Changes in plasma sCD25 levels following anti-TB treatment. A Plasma levels of sCD25 in TB patients after anti-TB treatment. B Plasma levels of sCD25 in Group TB2 patients after anti-TB treatment. 0 M, TB patients before the anti-TB treatment; 3, 6, and 12 M, TB patients after 3, 6, and 12 months of the anti-TB treatment. Data are mean ± SD, * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
CT imaging and levels of plasma sCD25 in TB patients. A CT imaging of four typical patients with before and after anti-TB treatment. B Levels of sCD25 before and after anti-TB treatment in TB patients. 0 M, TB patients before the anti-TB treatment; 3, 6, and 12 M, TB patients after 3, 6, and 12 months of the anti-TB treatment
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