Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2024 Jan 11;14(2):226.
doi: 10.3390/ani14020226.

Carbohydrases and Phytase in Poultry and Pig Nutrition: A Review beyond the Nutrients and Energy Matrix

Dante Teixeira Valente Junior  1 , Jansller Luiz Genova  1 , Sung Woo Kim  2 , Alysson Saraiva  1 , Gabriel Cipriano Rocha  1
Affiliations
Review

Carbohydrases and Phytase in Poultry and Pig Nutrition: A Review beyond the Nutrients and Energy Matrix

Dante Teixeira Valente Junior et al. Animals (Basel). .

Abstract

This review aimed to clarify the mechanisms through which exogenous enzymes (carbohydrases and phytase) influence intestinal health, as well as their effects on the nutrients and energy matrix in diets fed to poultry and pigs reared under sanitary challenging conditions. Enzyme supplementation can positively affect intestinal microbiota, immune system, and enhance antioxidant status. Although enzymes have been shown to save energy and nutrients, their responses under sanitary challenging conditions are poorly documented. Immune system activation alters nutrient partitioning, which can affect the matrix values for exogenous enzymes on commercial farms. Notably, the carbohydrases and phytase supplementation under sanitary challenging conditions align with energy and nutritional valorization matrices. Studies conducted under commercial conditions have shown that matrices containing carbohydrases and phytase can maintain growth performance and health in poultry and pigs. However, these studies have predominantly focused on assessing a single level of reduction in energy and/or available phosphorus and total calcium, limiting our ability to quantify potential energy and nutrient savings in the diet. Future research should delve deeper into determining the extent of energy and nutrient savings and understanding the effects of alone or blended enzymes supplementation to achieve more specific insights.

Keywords: carbohydrases; nutritional matrix; phytase; pigs; poultry; sanitary challenge.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Most used exogenous enzymes in non-ruminant diets and their substrate of action.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Harmful effects of non-starch polysaccharides and the beneficial effects of exogenous carbohydrases supplementation in non-ruminant diets.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Harmful effects of a phytate molecule and the beneficial effects of phytase supplementation in non-ruminant diets.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Estimated calorie conversion (kcal consumed per kg of BW gain) for sanitary challenged and non-challenged poultry and pigs. The described effects were based on treatments supplemented with carbohydrase or phytase in an isolated or blend form in comparison with treatments containing no enzyme. Data based on studies displayed in Table 1.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Kiarie E., Walsh M.C., Nyachoti C.M. Performance, digestive function, and mucosal responses to selected feed additives for pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 2016;94:169–180. doi: 10.2527/jas.2015-9835. - DOI
    1. Kiarie E.G., Steelman S., Martinez M., Livingston K. Significance of single β-mannanase supplementation on performance and energy utilization in broiler chickens, laying hens, turkeys, sows, and nursery-finish pigs: A meta-analysis and systematic review. Transl. Anim. Sci. 2021;5:txab160. doi: 10.1093/tas/txab160. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Dersjant-Li Y., Awati A., Schulze H., Partridge G. Phytase in non-ruminant animal nutrition: A critical review on phytase activities in the gastrointestinal tract and influencing factors. J. Sci. Food Agric. 2015;95:878–896. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.6998. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Dersjant-Li Y., Dusel G. Increasing the dosing of a Buttiauxella phytase improves phytate degradation, mineral, energy, and amino acid digestibility in weaned pigs fed a complex diet based on wheat, corn, soybean meal, barley, and rapeseed meal. J. Anim. Sci. 2019;97:2524–2533. doi: 10.1093/jas/skz151. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Dal Pont G.C., Eyng C., Bortoluzzi C., Kogut M.H. Enzymes and Gut Health in Monogastric Animals: Effects beyond Digestibility. In: Kogut M.H., Zhang G., editors. Gut Microbiota, Immunity, and Health in Production Animals. Springer International Publishing; Cham, Switzerland: 2022. pp. 33–55.

LinkOut - more resources