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Review
. 2024 Jan 7;15(1):78.
doi: 10.3390/genes15010078.

Liquid Biopsy: A New Avenue for the Diagnosis of Kidney Disease: Diabetic Kidney Disease, Renal Cancer, and IgA Nephropathy

Jill Dybiec  1 , Weronika Frąk  1 , Joanna Kućmierz  1 , Julita Tokarek  1 , Armanda Wojtasińska  1 , Ewelina Młynarska  1 , Jacek Rysz  2 , Beata Franczyk  1
Affiliations
Review

Liquid Biopsy: A New Avenue for the Diagnosis of Kidney Disease: Diabetic Kidney Disease, Renal Cancer, and IgA Nephropathy

Jill Dybiec et al. Genes (Basel). .

Abstract

Kidney diseases are some of the most common healthcare problems. As the population of elderly individuals with concurrent health conditions continues to rise, there will be a heightened occurrence of these diseases. Due to the renal condition being one of the longevity predictors, early diagnosis of kidney dysfunction plays a crucial role. Currently, prevalent diagnostic tools include laboratory tests and kidney tissue biopsies. New technologies, particularly liquid biopsy and new detection biomarkers, hold promise for diagnosing kidney disorders. The aim of this review is to present modern diagnostic methods for kidney diseases. The paper focuses on the advances in diagnosing three common renal disorders: diabetic kidney disease, renal cancer, and immunoglobulin A nephropathy. We highlight the significance of liquid biopsy and epigenetic changes, such as DNA methylation, microRNA, piRNAs, and lncRNAs expression, or single-cell transcriptome sequencing in the assessment of kidney diseases. This review underscores the importance of early diagnosis for the effective management of kidney diseases and investigates liquid biopsy as a promising approach.

Keywords: chronic kidney disease; diabetic kidney disease; liquid biopsy; lncRNAs; microRNA; nephopathy IgA; piRNAs; renal cancer.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Most important potential liquid biopsy biomarkers for renal cancer. miRNAs—microRNAs, lncRNAs—long noncoding RNAs, piRNAs—P-element-induced wimpy testis-interacting RNAs, RC—renal cancer.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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