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Observational Study
. 2023 Dec 30;60(1):81.
doi: 10.3390/medicina60010081.

Non-Invasive Ventilation for Community-Acquired Pneumonia: Outcomes and Predictors of Failure from an ICU Cohort

Adam Watson  1   2 , Sina Yadollahi  1   2 , Alexander Fahmy  1 , Sania Mahar  1 , Dominic Fritche  2 , Ryan Beecham  1 , Kordo Saeed  2   3 , Ahilanandan Dushianthan  1   2   4
Affiliations
Observational Study

Non-Invasive Ventilation for Community-Acquired Pneumonia: Outcomes and Predictors of Failure from an ICU Cohort

Adam Watson et al. Medicina (Kaunas). .

Abstract

Background and Objectives: The use of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) remains controversial. NIV failure in the setting of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure is associated with increased mortality, highlighting the need for careful patient selection. Methods and Methods: This is a retrospective observational cohort study. We included 140 patients with severe CAP, treated with either NIV or invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) as their primary oxygenation strategy. Results: The median PaO2/FiO2 ratio and SOFA score upon ICU admission were 151 mmHg and 6, respectively. We managed 76% of patients with NIV initially and report an NIV success rate of 59%. Overall, the 28-day mortality was 25%, whilst for patients with NIV success, the mortality was significantly lower at 13%. In the univariate analysis, NIV failure was associated with the SOFA score (OR 1.33), the HACOR score (OR 1.14) and the presence of septic shock (OR 3.99). The SOFA score has an AUC of 0.75 for NIV failure upon ICU admission, whilst HACOR has an AUC of 0.76 after 2 h of NIV. Conclusions: Our results suggest that a SOFA ≤ 4 and an HACOR ≤ 5 are reasonable thresholds to identify patients with severe CAP likely to benefit from NIV.

Keywords: HACOR; NIV; SOFA; non-invasive ventilation; pneumonia; respiratory failure.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flow diagram of eligible, included and excluded patients by respiratory support received and corresponding 28-day mortality.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Kaplan–Meier survival curve according to type of first respiratory support. Abbreviations: non-invasive ventilation (NIV), invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for uHACOR and SOFA scores.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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