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. 2024 Jan 10;15(1):116.
doi: 10.3390/mi15010116.

Study on the Cooling Performance of a Focused Ultrasonic Radiator for Electrical Heating Elements

Songfei Su  1 , Yang Wang  1 , Lukai Zheng  1 , Mengxin Sun  1 , Qiang Tang  2 , Huiyu Huang  2
Affiliations

Study on the Cooling Performance of a Focused Ultrasonic Radiator for Electrical Heating Elements

Songfei Su et al. Micromachines (Basel). .

Abstract

In this work, a focused ultrasonic radiator is proposed for cooling the electrical heating elements in the focal region, and its working characteristics are investigated. The analyses of the FEM computational and flow field visualization test results indicate that focused ultrasound can generate forced convective heat transfer by the acoustic streaming in the focal region, which can cool the heating elements effectively. Experiments show that when the input voltage is 30Vp-p and the ambient temperature is 25 °C, the focused ultrasonic radiator can cause the surface temperature of the heating element (high-temperature alumina ceramic heating plate with a diameter of 5 mm) in the focal region to drop from 100 °C to about 55 °C. When the diameter of the electrical heating element is changed from 5 mm to 30 mm, the cooling effect is similar in the focal region. Compared with a fan, the focused ultrasound radiator has a shorter cooling time and a more concentrated cooling area. The focused ultrasonic radiator proposed in this work is suitable for some special environments.

Keywords: acoustic streaming; electronic device; focused ultrasound; heat dissipation.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Schematic of the experimental setup to investigate the cooling effect and characteristics of the focused ultrasonic radiator.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Schematic diagram of the focused ultrasonic radiator.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Measured cooling effects of the focused ultrasonic radiator for the heating element. (a) Measured surface temperature of the heating element and vibration velocity of the focused ultrasonic radiator versus the input voltage of the focused ultrasonic radiator. (b) Measured surface temperature of the heating element with varying heating power versus the input power of the focused ultrasonic radiator.
Figure 4
Figure 4
FEM computation. (a) Pattern of sound intensity. (b) Pattern of acoustic streaming field.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Flow field below the focused ultrasonic radiator working at 55.1 kHz. (a) Flow pattern without ultrasound. (b) Flow pattern with ultrasound.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Surface temperature of the heating element at different positions in the ultrasonic field. (a) The central position of the sensor element is shifted along the r-axis at z = 0. (b) The central position of the sensor element is shifted along the z-axis at r = 0.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Experimental setup for fan cooling.
Figure 8
Figure 8
The cooling effect of the focused ultrasonic radiator and the centrifugal fan for a heating element with temperatures of 100 °C, 120 °C, and 140 °C. (a) The focused ultrasonic radiator. (b) The centrifugal fan.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Measured cooling time of different cooling methods for the heating element after power-off.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Distribution of the temperature measurement points.
Figure 11
Figure 11
Measured surface temperature at different points as the heating element is cooling using the centrifugal fan and the focused ultrasonic radiator. (a) Cooling using the centrifugal fan. (b) Cooling using the focused ultrasonic radiator.
Figure 12
Figure 12
Simulated streaming fields. (a) Air flow streaming field when the diameter of the heating element is 5 mm. (b) Air flow streaming field when the diameter of the heating element is 30 mm. (c) Acoustic streaming field when the diameter of the heating element is 5 mm. (d) Acoustic streaming field when the diameter of the heating element is 30 mm.
Figure 12
Figure 12
Simulated streaming fields. (a) Air flow streaming field when the diameter of the heating element is 5 mm. (b) Air flow streaming field when the diameter of the heating element is 30 mm. (c) Acoustic streaming field when the diameter of the heating element is 5 mm. (d) Acoustic streaming field when the diameter of the heating element is 30 mm.
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