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. 2024 Mar-Apr;14(2):101320.
doi: 10.1016/j.jceh.2023.101320. Epub 2023 Dec 14.

The Global Burden of Early-Onset Biliary Tract Cancer: Insight From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Pojsakorn Danpanichkul  1 , Cheng H Ng  2 , Darren J H Tan  3 , Mark D Muthiah  2   3 , Siwanart Kongarin  4 , Karan Srisurapanont  4 , Yatawee Kanjanakot  5 , Kwanjit Duangsonk  6 , Daniel Q Huang  2   3   7 , Hiroyuki Suzuki  8 , Denise M Harnois  9 , Ju D Yang  10 , Mazen Noureddin  11 , Karn Wijarnpreecha  12   13
Affiliations

The Global Burden of Early-Onset Biliary Tract Cancer: Insight From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Pojsakorn Danpanichkul et al. J Clin Exp Hepatol. 2024 Mar-Apr.

Abstract

Backgrounds/objectives: The escalating incidence of early-onset gastrointestinal cancers is becoming a primary global health concern. Biliary tract cancer (BTC) has been relatively understudied in this regard. We conducted an epidemiological study regarding the burden of this condition.

Methods: We utilized data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 to investigate the temporal trends in early-onset BTC (EOBTC), encompassing the estimation of frequencies and age-standardized rates (ASRs) of EOBTC incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), from 2010 to 2019.

Results: EOBTC constituted nearly 7%of all BTC cases worldwide. The incidence rates of EOBTC decreased significantly in most regions, except in the Eastern Mediterranean (annual percentage change +1.04 %), where the incidence is rising. Stratified by the sociodemographic index (SDI), countries with low middle SDI (annual percentage change +0.5 %) show increasing incidence of EOBTC. The ASR of death and DALYs decreased in most regions. The ASR of EOBTC-related death and disability attributable to high body mass index increased in most regions, with the highest increase in Southeast Asia and low, middle SDI strata.

Conclusions: There was a reduction in the burden of EOBTC globally, except for Eastern Mediterranean countries and low-middle SDI countries.

Keywords: biliary tract cancer; cholangiocarcinoma; early-onset cancer; gallbladder cancer.

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Conflict of interest statement

Cheng Han Ng has served as a consultant for Boxer Capital. Daniel Q. Huang has served as an advisory board member for Eisai and receives funding support from the Singapore Ministry of Health’s National Medical Research Council under its NMRC Research Training Fellowship (MOH-000595-01). Mazen Noureddin has been on the advisory board for 89BIO, Gilead, Intercept, Pfizer, Novo Nordisk, Blade, EchoSens, Fractyl, Terns, Siemens, and Roche diagnostic; has received research support from Allergan, BMS, Gilead, Galmed, Galectin, Genfit, Conatus, Enanta, Madrigal, Novartis, Pfizer, Shire, Viking and Zydus; and is a minor shareholder or has stocks in Anaetos, Rivus Pharma and Viking.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
(A) Age-standardized incidence rates of biliary tract cancer in patients across all ages in 2019 by country/territory. (B) Age-standardized incidence rates of biliary tract cancer in patients aged 15–49 in 2019 by country/territory.
Figure 2
Figure 2
(A) The number of biliary tract cancer cases in patients aged 15–49 in 2010 and 2019; stratified by World Health Organization region. (B) Age-standardized incidence rates attributable to biliary tract cancer in patients aged 15–49 in 2010 and 2019 by the World Health Organization region. (C) The number of biliary tract cancer-related deaths in patients aged 15–49 in 2010 and 2019; stratified by World Health Organization region. (D) Age-standardized death rates attributable to biliary tract cancer in patients aged 15–49 in 2010 and 2019, by the World Health Organization region. (E) The number of biliary tract cancer-related disabilities in patients aged 15–49 in 2010 and 2019; stratified by World Health Organization region. (F) Age-standardized disability-adjusted life years attributable to biliary tract cancer in patients aged 15–49 in 2010 and 2019, by the World Health Organization region.
Figure 3
Figure 3
(A) The number of biliary tract cancer cases in patients aged 15–49 in 2010 and 2019; stratified by Sociodemographic Index. (B) The number of biliary tract cancer-related deaths in patients aged 15–49 in 2010 and 2019, stratified by Sociodemographic Index. (C) The number of biliary tract cancer-related disabilities in patients aged 15–49 in 2010 and 2019, stratified by Sociodemographic Index. (D) Age-standardized incidence rates attributable to biliary tract cancer in patients aged 15–49 in 2010 and 2019, by Sociodemographic Index. (E) Age-standardized death rates attributable to biliary tract cancer in patients aged 15–49 in 2010 and 2019, by Sociodemographic Index. (F) Age-standardized disability-adjusted life years attributable to biliary tract cancer in patients aged 15–49 in 2010 and 2019, by Sociodemographic Index. (G) Age-standardized incidence rates attributable to biliary tract cancer in patients aged 15–49 in 2010 and 2019 by gender. (H) Age-standardized death rates attributable to biliary tract cancer in patients aged 15–49 in 2010 and 2019 by gender. (I) Age-standardized disability-adjusted life year’s attributable to biliary tract cancer in patients aged 15–49 in 2010 and 2019 by gender.
Figure 4
Figure 4
(A) The number of biliary tract cancer-related deaths attributable to high body mass index in patients aged 15–49 in 2010 and 2019; stratified by World Health Organization region. (B) The number of biliary tract cancer-related deaths attributable to high body mass index in patients aged 15–49 in 2010 and 2019; stratified by Sociodemographic index. (C) The number of biliary tract cancer-related disabilities attributable to high body mass index in patients aged 15–49 in 2010 and 2019; stratified by World Health Organization region. (D) The number of biliary tract cancer-related disabilities attributable to high body mass index in patients aged 15–49 in 2010 and 2019; stratified by Sociodemographic index. (E) Age-standardized death rates of biliary tract cancer attributable to high body mass index in patients aged 15–49 in 2010 and 2019; stratified by World Health Organization region. (F) Age-standardized death rates of biliary tract cancer attributable to high body mass index in patients aged 15–49 in 2010 and 2019; stratified by Sociodemographic index. (G) Age-standardized disability-adjusted life years of biliary tract cancer-related disabilities attributable to high body mass index in patients aged 15–49 in 2010 and 2019; stratified by the World Health Organization region. (H) Age-standardized disability-adjusted life years of biliary tract cancer-related disabilities attributable to high body mass index in patients aged 15–49 in 2010 and 2019; stratified by Sociodemographic index.
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