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. 2023 Dec 27;27(2):76.
doi: 10.3892/etm.2023.12364. eCollection 2024 Feb.

Serum 14‑3‑3η levels are increased and associated with a higher risk of osteoporosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A meta‑analysis

Ran Fan  1   2 , Jun Zhou  1 , Yan Xu  1   2 , Ling Gao  1 , Zhe Yu  1 , Yinshan Zang  1   2
Affiliations

Serum 14‑3‑3η levels are increased and associated with a higher risk of osteoporosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A meta‑analysis

Ran Fan et al. Exp Ther Med. .

Abstract

14-3-3η can regulate the cell cycle, immunity, inflammation and the secretion of matrix metalloproteinases, while it may also be involved in the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and promote bone injury. Therefore, the present meta-analysis focused on the dysregulated serum levels of 14-3-3η and its association with osteoporosis in patients with RA. Studies comparing the serum levels of 14-3-3η between patients with RA and healthy controls (HCs) or patients with RA with different bone mineral densities were retrieved from the EMBASE, Web of Science, PubMed and Cochrane databases. A total of 14 studies comprising 2,164 patients with RA and 1,136 HCs were included and analysed. Pooled analyses showed that the serum levels of 14-3-3η were enhanced in patients with RA compared with HCs [standardized mean difference (SMD): 1.34; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01-1.66; P<0.001]. In addition, the serum levels of 14-3-3η were also significantly higher in patients with RA with osteoporosis and osteopenia compared with those with normal bone mass (SMD: 1.96; 95% CI: 0.01-3.92; P=0.049 and SMD: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.09-1.52; P=0.028, respectively). Begg's and Egger's tests demonstrated that the publication bias for each evaluated indicator was low (all P>0.05). However, sensitivity analyses revealed that the findings were not very robust, which may be due to the omission of several individual studies. Overall, the present meta-analysis suggested that the serum levels of 14-3-3η were elevated and were associated with a higher risk of osteoporosis in patients with RA, thus supporting its potency as a circulating biomarker in the management of RA.

Keywords: 14-3-3η; biomarker; disease risk; osteoporosis; rheumatoid arthritis.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flow diagram of research studies included in the meta-analysis.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Pooled analysis comparing the serum levels of 14-3-3η between patients with RA and HCs. RA, rheumatoid arthritis; HCs, healthy controls; SMD, standardized mean difference.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Pooled analysis of the serum levels of 14-3-3η among patients with osteoporosis and osteopenia and those with normal bone mass. Pooled analysis of 14-3-3η levels between patients with rheumatoid arthritis with (A) osteoporosis vs. those with normal bone mass, (B) osteopenia vs. normal bone mass and (C) osteoporosis vs. osteopenia. RA, rheumatoid arthritis; HCs, healthy controls; SMD, standardized mean difference.
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