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. 2024 Jan 10:11:1320739.
doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1320739. eCollection 2023.

Green synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles using crude extract of Aconitum violaceum and evaluation of their antibacterial, antioxidant and photocatalytic activities

Shahbaz Ahmad  1 , Shujaat Ahmad  2 , Qianqian Xu  1 , Idrees Khan  3 , Xiaoyu Cao  1 , Ruimin Yang  1 , Hai Yan  1
Affiliations

Green synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles using crude extract of Aconitum violaceum and evaluation of their antibacterial, antioxidant and photocatalytic activities

Shahbaz Ahmad et al. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. .

Abstract

Green synthesis of metal nanoparticles (NPs) has received extensive attention over other conventional approaches due to their non-toxic nature and more biocompatibility. Herein we report gold and silver NPs (AuNPs@AV and AgNPs@AV) prepared by employing a green approach using crude extract of Aconitum violaceum Jacquem. ex Stapf. The synthesized NPs were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), UV/Visible spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), and Zeta Potential. Morphological analysis showed spherical and triangular shapes of the NPs with average size of <100 nm. The AuNPs@AV and AgNPs@AV exhibited effective antibacterial activities, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 95 and 70 μg/mL against Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus) and 90 and 65 μg/mL against Escherichia coli (E. coli), respectively. Strong antioxidant effect of AuNPs@AV and AgNPs@AV were reported against DPPH radical and PTIO within range of IC50 values; 161-80 μg/ml as compared to the standard (23-11 μg/mL) respectively. Moreover, the AuNPs@AV and AgNPs@AV showed efficient photocatalytic activity and degraded 89.88% and 93.7% methylene blue (MB) dye under UV light, respectively.

Keywords: Aconitum violaceum (AV); antibacterial; antioxidant; gold nanoparticles; green synthesis; photocatalyst; silver nanoparticles.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
AuNPs@AV analysis via SEM imaging (A,B), TEM imaging (C,D), and EDX (E). The constituent elements were spatially mapped [(F), Au; (G), Carbon; (H), Nitrogen, (I), Oxygen].
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
(A,B) SEM images (C,D) TEM images (E) EDX of AgNPs@AV (F–H) elemental mapping of the constituent elements of AgNPs@AV [(F), Ag; (G), Carbon; (H), Oxygen].
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
XRD pattern of the green synthesized (A) AuNPs@AV and (B) AgNPs@AV (C) FT-IR analysis of AgNPs@AV, AuNPs@ AV and AV extract.
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
XPS analysis of AuNPs@AV representing carbon (A), oxygen (B), and gold (C). Analysis of AgNPs@AV demonstrates silver (D), carbon (E), and oxygen (F).
FIGURE 5
FIGURE 5
UV-Visible spectra of (A) AuNPs@AV (B) AgNPs@AV in different pH media.
FIGURE 6
FIGURE 6
Zeta potential measurement of (A) AuNPs@AV (B) AgNPs@AV.
FIGURE 7
FIGURE 7
MICs of AV extract, AuNPs@AV, and AgNPs@AV against Lactobacillus acidophilus and Escherichia coli.
FIGURE 8
FIGURE 8
Antioxidant activity of AuNPs@AV and AgNPs@AV using (A) DPPH radical scavenging assay and (B) PTIO radical scavenging assay. (C) Ascorbic acid standard. (D) AV Crude.
FIGURE 9
FIGURE 9
Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue using AuNPs@AV and AgNPs@AV (A) and their recyclability (B).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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