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Meta-Analysis
. 2024 Jan;12(1):e1136.
doi: 10.1002/iid3.1136.

The effect of COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccination on serum anti-Mullerian hormone: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Marjan Ghaemi  1 , Sedigheh Hantoushzadeh  1 , Arman Shafiee  2   3 , Omid Kohandel Gargari  2 , Hanieh Fathi  2 , Nasim Eshraghi  1 , Jafar Razavi  1 , Gholam Reza Habibi  1 , Kyana Jafarabady  2
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

The effect of COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccination on serum anti-Mullerian hormone: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Marjan Ghaemi et al. Immun Inflamm Dis. 2024 Jan.

Abstract

Objective: The current study aims to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 infection and vaccination on ovarian reserve by detecting the anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) level.

Method: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus has been searched for studies assessing the effect of COVID-19 infection and/or vaccination on AMH levels up to February 27, 2023. Based on PRISMA 2020 statement criteria, a systematic review and meta-analysis of included studies were performed. The studies' quality was assessed by the National Institute of Health (NIH) quality assessment tool. The standardized mean difference (MD) of the AMH level was used and the quantitative values of each study were pooled separately by using a random effect model.

Results: Out of 246 studies screened, 18 were included in the systematic review and 14 in the meta-analysis. Included studies were published between 2021 and 2022 and were conducted in different countries, including the USA (n = 3), China (n = 2), Russia (n = 2), Turkey (n = 5), Israel (n = 3), Czech (n = 2), and Spain (n = 1). Eight studies investigated the effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on AMH levels, and ten studies investigated the possible effect of COVID-19 vaccination on AMH levels. The pooled analysis showed a statistically significant decrease in AMH levels after COVID-19 infection (SMD: -0.24; 95% CI: -0.36 to -0.11; I2 = 0%; p = .0003). Vaccination analysis showed a nonstatistically significant change in AMH levels after COVID-19 vaccination (SMD: -0.11; 95% CI: -0.25 to 0.04; I2 = 35%; p = .14).

Conclusion: COVID-19 infection can result in ovarian reserve injury by reducing the AMH level but getting vaccinated against COVID-19 has no impact on the AMH level.

Keywords: COVID-19; anti-Mullerian hormone; fertility; vaccine.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have no relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
PRISMA flow diagram.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Results of a COVID‐19 analysis.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Results of a vaccination analysis.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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