The global incidence, mortality, and burden of uterine cancer in 2019 and correlation with SDI, tobacco, dietary risks, and metabolic risk factors: An ecological study

Abstract

Background and aim: Endometrial cancer (EC) is the sixth most common cancer among women worldwide. Since global studies are based on awareness of the incidence trend, mortality, geographical diversity, and level of social development and income of countries, this study was conducted to investigate the trend of uterine cancer (UC) in the world in 2019.

Methods: Age-standardized rates (ASR) of incidence, deaths, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of UC, as well as targeted risk factors, were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) online database 2019. Pearson correlation coefficient and SPSS 16 were used to calculate the correlation between risk factors and ASR of epidemiological indicators. Statistical significance was considered as p < 0.05.

Results: In 2019, the age-specific incidence and death rate of UC was peaking at 60-64 and 65-69 years, respectively. The highest age-standardized incidence rate per 100,000 people for UC has been reported in the Northern Mariana Islands, high sociodemographic index (SDI) countries, World Bank High-Income category, Europe continent and among World Health Organization (WHO) regions were found in the European Region. The highest age-standardized death rate per 100,000 people for UC has been reported in Grenada, high SDI countries, the World Bank High-Income category, Europe continent, and among WHO regions found in the European Region. In 2019, the age-standardized DALYs rate was 53.54 per 100,000 inhabitants, of which 48.49 cases were related to years of life lost (YLLs) and 5.05 cases were related to years lived with disability.

Conclusion: According to GBD-2019, the highest incidence, mortality, and DALY of UC are in Europe. The evidence and traces of diversity can be seen in the inequalities of UC. Race, ethnicity, economic status, level of education and awareness, co-morbidities, access, grade, and histological type of tumor are the most important causes of this inequality.

Keywords: burden; global; incidence; mortality; uterine cancer.

Figure 1

Global age‐specific incidence, deaths, and disability‐adjusted life years cases of uterine cancer in 2019.

Figure 2

Distribution of incidence, death, and disability‐adjusted life year cases of uterine cancer based on sociodemographic index and World Bank Income level in 2019.

Figure 3

Distribution of incidence, death, and disability‐adjusted life year cases of uterine cancer among continents and WHO regions in 2019.

Figure 4

The age‐standardized incidence rate (ASIR), age‐standardized death rate (ASDR), and age‐standardized disability‐adjusted life years rate (DALYs ASR) of uterine cancer in 22 Global Burden of Disease regions, 2019.