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Review
. 2023 Dec 20;14(1):1.
doi: 10.3390/bios14010001.

Aptasensors Based on Non-Enzymatic Peroxidase Mimics: Current Progress and Challenges

Anna S Davydova  1 , Mariya A Vorobyeva  1
Affiliations
Review

Aptasensors Based on Non-Enzymatic Peroxidase Mimics: Current Progress and Challenges

Anna S Davydova et al. Biosensors (Basel). .

Abstract

Immunoassays based on antibodies as recognizing elements and enzymes as signal-generating modules are extensively used now in clinical lab diagnostics, food, and environmental analyses. However, the application of natural enzymes and antibodies has some drawbacks, such as relatively high manufacturing costs, thermal instability, and lot-to-lot variations that lower the reproducibility of results. Oligonucleotide aptamers are able to specifically bind their targets with high affinity and selectivity, so they represent a prospective alternative to protein antibodies for analyte recognition. Their main advantages include thermal stability and long shelf life, cost-efficient chemical synthesis, and negligible batch-to-batch variations. At the same time, a wide variety of non-protein peroxidase mimics are now available that show strong potential to replace protein enzymes. Here, we review and analyze non-protein biosensors that represent a nexus of these two concepts: aptamer-based sensors (aptasensors) with optical detection (colorimetric, luminescent, or fluorescent) based on different peroxidase mimics, such as DNAzymes, nanoparticles, or metal-organic frameworks.

Keywords: aptamers; aptasensors; metal-organic frameworks; nanozymes; peroxidase mimics; peroxidase-like DNAzyme.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of this study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
A general scheme of peroxidase-like oxidation by a hemin-DNAzyme complex.
Figure 2
Figure 2
DNAzyme-based aptasensors developed in [23]. (a) Aptasensor consisting of quasi-circular HRP-mimicking DNAzyme with a single ribonucleobase (red color), and two separate DNAs containing partial sequences of specific aptamer and RNA-cleaving DNAzyme. (b) Aptasensor consisting of two separated DNAs containing partial sequences of specific aptamer and HRP-mimicking DNAzyme.
Figure 3
Figure 3
DNAzyme-based aptasensors with signal amplification. (a) VEGF detection system proposed by Zhang et al. [29]. (b) Luminescent detection of S. aureus developed in [30].
Figure 4
Figure 4
Multimodal aptasensor for small molecules detection proposed in [33].
Figure 5
Figure 5
General scheme of colorimetric target detection based on peroxidase-mimicking AuNPs.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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