doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.132.021001.
Demonstrating Agreement between Radio and Fluorescence Measurements of the Depth of Maximum of Extensive Air Showers at the Pierre Auger Observatory
A Abdul Halim
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, P Abreu
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, M Aglietta
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, I Allekotte
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, K Almeida Cheminant
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, A Almela
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, R Aloisio
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, J Alvarez-Muñiz
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, J Ammerman Yebra
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, G A Anastasi
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, L Anchordoqui
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, B Andrada
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, S Andringa
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, Anukriti
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, L Apollonio
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, C Aramo
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, P R Araújo Ferreira
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, E Arnone
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, J C Arteaga Velázquez
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, P Assis
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, G Avila
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, E Avocone
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, A Bakalova
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, F Barbato
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, A Bartz Mocellin
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, J A Bellido
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, C Berat
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, M E Bertaina
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, G Bhatta
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, M Bianciotto
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, P L Biermann
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, J Blazek
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, C Bleve
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, J Blümer
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, M Boháčová
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, M Büsken
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, A Bwembya
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, K S Caballero-Mora
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, S Cabana-Freire
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, L Caccianiga
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, R Caruso
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, A Castellina
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, F Catalani
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, G Cataldi
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, L Cazon
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, M Cerda
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, A Cermenati
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, J A Chinellato
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, J Chudoba
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, L Chytka
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, R W Clay
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, A C Cobos Cerutti
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, R Colalillo
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, A Coleman
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, M R Coluccia
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, R Conceição
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, A Condorelli
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, G Consolati
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, M Conte
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, F Convenga
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, D Correia Dos Santos
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, P J Costa
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, C E Covault
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, M Cristinziani
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, S Dasso
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, B R Dawson
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, S J de Jong
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, D de Oliveira Franco
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, F de Palma
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, V de Souza
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, E De Vito
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, A Del Popolo
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, O Deligny
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, N Denner
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, L Deval
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, A di Matteo
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, M Dobre
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, C Dobrigkeit
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, J C D'Olivo
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, L M Domingues Mendes
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, J C Dos Anjos
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, R C Dos Anjos
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, J Ebr
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, F Ellwanger
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, M Emam
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, R Engel
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, I Epicoco
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, M Erdmann
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, A Etchegoyen
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, J M Figueira
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, A Filipčič
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, T Fitoussi
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, B Flaggs
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, T Fodran
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, T Fujii
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, A Fuster
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, C Galea
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, C Galelli
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, B García
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, C Gaudu
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, H Gemmeke
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, F Gesualdi
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, A Gherghel-Lascu
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, P L Ghia
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, U Giaccari
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, J Glombitza
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, F Gobbi
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, F Gollan
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, G Golup
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, M Gómez Berisso
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, P F Gómez Vitale
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, J P Gongora
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, J M González
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, T D Grubb
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, F Guarino
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, G P Guedes
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, E Guido
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, L Gülzow
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, S Hahn
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, P Hamal
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, M R Hampel
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, P Hansen
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, D Harari
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, V M Harvey
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, A Haungs
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, T Hebbeker
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, J R Hörandel
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, M Hrabovský
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, T Huege
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, A Insolia
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, P G Isar
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, P Janecek
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, V Jilek
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, J A Johnsen
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, J Jurysek
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, B Keilhauer
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, A Khakurdikar
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, V V Kizakke Covilakam
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, H O Klages
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, M Kleifges
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, F Knapp
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, J Köhler
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, N Kunka
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, B L Lago
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, N Langner
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, M A Leigui de Oliveira
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, Y Lema-Capeans
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, A Letessier-Selvon
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, I Lhenry-Yvon
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, L Lopes
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, L Lu
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, Q Luce
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, C Merx
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, S Michal
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, M I Micheletti
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, L Miramonti
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, F Montanet
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, L Morejon
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, C Morello
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, W M Namasaka
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, S Negi
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, L Nellen
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, K Nguyen
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, G Nicora
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, M Niechciol
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, D Nitz
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, D Nosek
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, V Novotny
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, L Nožka
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, J Pallotta
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, Z Szadkowski
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, C Taricco
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, P Tobiska
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, P Travnicek
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, L Vaclavek
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, M Vacula
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, D Veberič
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, I D Vergara Quispe
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; Pierre Auger Collaboration
Affiliations
Affiliations
- 1 University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
- 2 Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal.
- 3 INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy.
- 4 Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy.
- 5 Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina.
- 6 Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland.
- 7 Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- 8 Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- 9 Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy.
- 10 INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy.
- 11 Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- 12 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, New York, USA.
- 13 Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia.
- 14 INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy.
- 15 Università di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy.
- 16 INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy.
- 17 RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany.
- 18 Università Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, Torino, Italy.
- 19 Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, México.
- 20 Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina.
- 21 Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy.
- 22 Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
- 23 Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA.
- 24 Universidad Nacional de San Agustin de Arequipa, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Formales, Arequipa, Peru.
- 25 Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France.
- 26 Departamento de Física and Departamento de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y los Océanos, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- 27 IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina.
- 28 Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE, CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- 29 Instituto de Física de Rosario (IFIR)-CONICET/U.N.R. and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas U.N.R., Rosario, Argentina.
- 30 Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), and Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Mendoza (CONICET/CNEA), Mendoza, Argentina.
- 31 International Center of Advanced Studies and Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, ECyT-UNSAM and CONICET, Campus Miguelete-San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- 32 Laboratorio Atmósfera-Departamento de Investigaciones en Láseres y sus Aplicaciones-UNIDEF (CITEDEF-CONICET), Argentina.
- 33 Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina.
- 34 Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
- 35 Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium.
- 36 Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- 37 Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca, Petropolis, Brazil.
- 38 Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), Brazil.
- 39 Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Lorena, São Paulo, Brazil.
- 40 Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
- 41 Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
- 42 Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
- 43 Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil.
- 44 Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Centro de Ciencias e Tecnologia, Campina Grande, Brazil.
- 45 Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil.
- 46 Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor Palotina, Palotina, Brazil.
- 47 Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- 48 Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Observatório do Valongo, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- 49 Universidade Federal Fluminense, EEIMVR, Volta Redonda, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- 50 Universidad de Medellín, Medellín, Colombia.
- 51 Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia.
- 52 Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Prague, Czech Republic.
- 53 Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
- 54 CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France.
- 55 Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, France.
- 56 Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France.
- 57 Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany.
- 58 Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Experimental Particle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany.
- 59 Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany.
- 60 Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany.
- 61 Universität Hamburg, II. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Hamburg, Germany.
- 62 Universität Siegen, Department Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany.
- 63 INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy.
- 64 INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy.
- 65 INFN, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata," Roma, Italy.
- 66 Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Palermo (INAF), Palermo, Italy.
- 67 Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Aerospaziali, Milano, Italy.
- 68 Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Lecce, Italy.
- 69 Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Ettore Majorana," Catania, Italy.
- 70 Università di Napoli "Federico II," Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini," Napoli, Italy.
- 71 Università di Palermo, Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica "E. Segrè," Palermo, Italy.
- 72 Università di Roma "Tor Vergata," Dipartimento di Fisica, Roma, Italy.
- 73 Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México.
- 74 Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria en Ingeniería y Tecnologías Avanzadas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (UPIITA-IPN), México, Distrito Federal, México.
- 75 Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, México.
- 76 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Distrito Federal, México.
- 77 University of Łódź, Faculty of High-Energy Astrophysics,Łódź, Poland.
- 78 "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania.
- 79 Institute of Space Science, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania.
- 80 Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- 81 Universidad de Granada and C.A.F.P.E., Granada, Spain.
- 82 IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- 83 Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- 84 Stichting Astronomisch Onderzoek in Nederland (ASTRON), Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.
- 85 Universiteit van Amsterdam, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- 86 Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
- 87 Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA.
- 88 New York University, New York, New York, USA.
- 89 University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
- 90 University of Delaware, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, Newark, Delaware, USA.
- 91 University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics and WIPAC, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
- PMID: 38277596
- DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.132.021001
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Demonstrating Agreement between Radio and Fluorescence Measurements of the Depth of Maximum of Extensive Air Showers at the Pierre Auger Observatory
A Abdul Halim et al.
Phys Rev Lett.
.
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doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.132.021001.
Authors
A Abdul Halim
1
, P Abreu
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, M Aglietta
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, I Allekotte
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, K Almeida Cheminant
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, A Almela
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, R Aloisio
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, J Alvarez-Muñiz
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, J Ammerman Yebra
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, G A Anastasi
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, L Anchordoqui
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, B Andrada
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, S Andringa
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, Anukriti
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, L Apollonio
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, C Aramo
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, P R Araújo Ferreira
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, E Arnone
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, J C Arteaga Velázquez
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, P Assis
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, G Avila
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, E Avocone
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, A Bakalova
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, F Barbato
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, A Bartz Mocellin
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, J A Bellido
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, C Berat
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, M E Bertaina
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, G Bhatta
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, M Bianciotto
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, P L Biermann
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, V Binet
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; Pierre Auger Collaboration
Affiliations
- 1 University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
- 2 Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal.
- 3 INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy.
- 4 Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy.
- 5 Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina.
- 6 Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland.
- 7 Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- 8 Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- 9 Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy.
- 10 INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy.
- 11 Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- 12 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, New York, USA.
- 13 Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia.
- 14 INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy.
- 15 Università di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy.
- 16 INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy.
- 17 RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany.
- 18 Università Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, Torino, Italy.
- 19 Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, México.
- 20 Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina.
- 21 Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy.
- 22 Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
- 23 Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA.
- 24 Universidad Nacional de San Agustin de Arequipa, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Formales, Arequipa, Peru.
- 25 Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France.
- 26 Departamento de Física and Departamento de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y los Océanos, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- 27 IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina.
- 28 Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE, CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- 29 Instituto de Física de Rosario (IFIR)-CONICET/U.N.R. and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas U.N.R., Rosario, Argentina.
- 30 Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), and Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Mendoza (CONICET/CNEA), Mendoza, Argentina.
- 31 International Center of Advanced Studies and Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, ECyT-UNSAM and CONICET, Campus Miguelete-San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- 32 Laboratorio Atmósfera-Departamento de Investigaciones en Láseres y sus Aplicaciones-UNIDEF (CITEDEF-CONICET), Argentina.
- 33 Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina.
- 34 Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
- 35 Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium.
- 36 Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- 37 Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca, Petropolis, Brazil.
- 38 Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), Brazil.
- 39 Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Lorena, São Paulo, Brazil.
- 40 Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
- 41 Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
- 42 Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
- 43 Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil.
- 44 Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Centro de Ciencias e Tecnologia, Campina Grande, Brazil.
- 45 Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil.
- 46 Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor Palotina, Palotina, Brazil.
- 47 Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- 48 Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Observatório do Valongo, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- 49 Universidade Federal Fluminense, EEIMVR, Volta Redonda, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- 50 Universidad de Medellín, Medellín, Colombia.
- 51 Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia.
- 52 Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Prague, Czech Republic.
- 53 Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
- 54 CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France.
- 55 Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, France.
- 56 Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France.
- 57 Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany.
- 58 Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Experimental Particle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany.
- 59 Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany.
- 60 Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany.
- 61 Universität Hamburg, II. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Hamburg, Germany.
- 62 Universität Siegen, Department Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany.
- 63 INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy.
- 64 INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy.
- 65 INFN, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata," Roma, Italy.
- 66 Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Palermo (INAF), Palermo, Italy.
- 67 Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Aerospaziali, Milano, Italy.
- 68 Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Lecce, Italy.
- 69 Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Ettore Majorana," Catania, Italy.
- 70 Università di Napoli "Federico II," Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini," Napoli, Italy.
- 71 Università di Palermo, Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica "E. Segrè," Palermo, Italy.
- 72 Università di Roma "Tor Vergata," Dipartimento di Fisica, Roma, Italy.
- 73 Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México.
- 74 Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria en Ingeniería y Tecnologías Avanzadas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (UPIITA-IPN), México, Distrito Federal, México.
- 75 Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, México.
- 76 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Distrito Federal, México.
- 77 University of Łódź, Faculty of High-Energy Astrophysics,Łódź, Poland.
- 78 "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania.
- 79 Institute of Space Science, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania.
- 80 Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- 81 Universidad de Granada and C.A.F.P.E., Granada, Spain.
- 82 IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- 83 Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- 84 Stichting Astronomisch Onderzoek in Nederland (ASTRON), Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.
- 85 Universiteit van Amsterdam, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- 86 Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
- 87 Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA.
- 88 New York University, New York, New York, USA.
- 89 University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
- 90 University of Delaware, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, Newark, Delaware, USA.
- 91 University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics and WIPAC, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
- PMID: 38277596
- DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.132.021001
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Abstract
We show, for the first time, radio measurements of the depth of shower maximum (X_{max}) of air showers induced by cosmic rays that are compared to measurements of the established fluorescence method at the same location. Using measurements at the Pierre Auger Observatory we show full compatibility between our radio and the previously published fluorescence dataset, and between a subset of air showers observed simultaneously with both radio and fluorescence techniques, a measurement setup unique to the Pierre Auger Observatory. Furthermore, we show radio X_{max} resolution as a function of energy and demonstrate the ability to make competitive high-resolution X_{max} measurements with even a sparse radio array. With this, we show that the radio technique is capable of cosmic-ray mass composition studies, both at Auger and at other experiments.
