Cognition and Cognitive Reserve

doi:10.1007/s12124-024-09821-3

Review

. 2024 Jun;58(2):483-501.

doi: 10.1007/s12124-024-09821-3. Epub 2024 Jan 27.

Cognition and Cognitive Reserve

Anisha Savarimuthu^{1

2}, R Joseph Ponniah³

Affiliations

¹ Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, India.
² Department of English, PSG College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, India.
³ Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, India. joseph@nitt.edu.

PMID: 38279076
DOI: 10.1007/s12124-024-09821-3

Review

Cognition and Cognitive Reserve

Anisha Savarimuthu et al. Integr Psychol Behav Sci. 2024 Jun.

. 2024 Jun;58(2):483-501.

doi: 10.1007/s12124-024-09821-3. Epub 2024 Jan 27.

Authors

Anisha Savarimuthu^{1

2}, R Joseph Ponniah³

Affiliations

¹ Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, India.
² Department of English, PSG College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, India.
³ Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, India. joseph@nitt.edu.

PMID: 38279076
DOI: 10.1007/s12124-024-09821-3

Abstract

Cognition is a mental process that provides the ability to think, know, and learn. Though cognitive skills are necessary to do daily tasks and activities, cognitive aging causes changes in various cognitive functions. Cognitive abilities that are preserved and strengthened by experience can be kept as a reserve and utilized when necessary. The concept of reserving cognition was found when people with Alzheimer's disease had differences in clinical manifestations and cognitive functions. The cognitive reserve builds resilience against cognitive decline and improves the quality of life. Also, several lines of studies have found that the plasticity between neurons has a significant impact on cognitive reserve and acts against cognitive decline. To extend the findings, the present study provides a comprehensive understanding of cognitive reserve and the variables that are involved in maintaining cognition. The study also considers reading as one of the cognitive proxies that develops and maintains cognitive reserve.

Keywords: Brain Reserve; Cognitive Development; Cognitive Reserve; Neuroplasticity; Reading.

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References

1. Addis, D. R., Leclerc, C. M., Muscatell, K. A., & Kensinger, E. A. (2010). There are age-related changes in neural connectivity during the encoding of positive, but not negative, information. Cortex; a Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior, 46(4), 425–433. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2009.04.011 . - DOI
1. Apple, D. M., Fonseca, R. S., & Kokovay, E. (2017). The role of adult neurogenesis in psychiatric and cognitive disorders. In Brain Research (Vol. 1655, pp. 270–276). Elsevier B.V. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2016.01.023 .
1. Argiris, G., Stern, Y., & Habeck, C. (2023). Neural similarity across task load relates to cognitive reserve and brain maintenance measures on the Letter Sternberg task: A longitudinal study. Brain Imaging and Behavior, 17(1), 100–113. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11682-022-00746-2 . - DOI
1. Barulli, D., & Stern, Y. (2013). Efficiency, capacity, compensation, maintenance, plasticity: Emerging concepts in cognitive reserve. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 17(10), 502–509. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2013.08.012 . - DOI
1. Bialystok, E. (2021). Bilingualism: Pathway to Cognitive Reserve. Trends in Cognitive sciences (Vol. 25, pp. 355–364). Elsevier Ltd. 5 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2021.02.003 .

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[1] Addis, D. R., Leclerc, C. M., Muscatell, K. A., & Kensinger, E. A. (2010). There are age-related changes in neural connectivity during the encoding of positive, but not negative, information. Cortex; a Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior, 46(4), 425–433. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2009.04.011 . - DOI

[2] Addis, D. R., Leclerc, C. M., Muscatell, K. A., & Kensinger, E. A. (2010). There are age-related changes in neural connectivity during the encoding of positive, but not negative, information. Cortex; a Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior, 46(4), 425–433. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2009.04.011 . - DOI

[3] Apple, D. M., Fonseca, R. S., & Kokovay, E. (2017). The role of adult neurogenesis in psychiatric and cognitive disorders. In Brain Research (Vol. 1655, pp. 270–276). Elsevier B.V. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2016.01.023 .

[4] Apple, D. M., Fonseca, R. S., & Kokovay, E. (2017). The role of adult neurogenesis in psychiatric and cognitive disorders. In Brain Research (Vol. 1655, pp. 270–276). Elsevier B.V. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2016.01.023 .

[5] Argiris, G., Stern, Y., & Habeck, C. (2023). Neural similarity across task load relates to cognitive reserve and brain maintenance measures on the Letter Sternberg task: A longitudinal study. Brain Imaging and Behavior, 17(1), 100–113. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11682-022-00746-2 . - DOI

[6] Argiris, G., Stern, Y., & Habeck, C. (2023). Neural similarity across task load relates to cognitive reserve and brain maintenance measures on the Letter Sternberg task: A longitudinal study. Brain Imaging and Behavior, 17(1), 100–113. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11682-022-00746-2 . - DOI

[7] Barulli, D., & Stern, Y. (2013). Efficiency, capacity, compensation, maintenance, plasticity: Emerging concepts in cognitive reserve. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 17(10), 502–509. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2013.08.012 . - DOI

[8] Barulli, D., & Stern, Y. (2013). Efficiency, capacity, compensation, maintenance, plasticity: Emerging concepts in cognitive reserve. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 17(10), 502–509. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2013.08.012 . - DOI

[9] Bialystok, E. (2021). Bilingualism: Pathway to Cognitive Reserve. Trends in Cognitive sciences (Vol. 25, pp. 355–364). Elsevier Ltd. 5 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2021.02.003 .

[10] Bialystok, E. (2021). Bilingualism: Pathway to Cognitive Reserve. Trends in Cognitive sciences (Vol. 25, pp. 355–364). Elsevier Ltd. 5 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2021.02.003 .

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Cognition and Cognitive Reserve

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Cognition and Cognitive Reserve

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