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Review
. 2024 Feb;92(1):3-20.
doi: 10.1007/s00239-024-10155-2. Epub 2024 Jan 28.

Evolution of the Major Components of Innate Immunity in Animals

Rafael Cardoso Maciel Costa Silva  1 , Fábio Mendonça Gomes  2
Affiliations
Review

Evolution of the Major Components of Innate Immunity in Animals

Rafael Cardoso Maciel Costa Silva et al. J Mol Evol. 2024 Feb.

Abstract

Innate immunity is present in all animals. In this review, we explore the main conserved mechanisms of recognition and innate immune responses among animals. In this sense, we discuss the receptors, critical for binding to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs); the downstream signaling proteins; and transcription factors that govern immune responses. We also highlight conserved inflammatory mediators that are induced after the recognition of DAMPs and PAMPs. At last, we discuss the mechanisms that are involved in the regulation and/or generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), influencing immune responses, like heme-oxygenases (HOs).

Keywords: Adaptor proteins; Cytokines; Evolution; Innate immunity; Lipid mediators; PRRs.

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