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. 2024 Jan 29;1(1):CD001431.
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001431.pub6.

Decision aids for people facing health treatment or screening decisions

Dawn Stacey #  1   2 , Krystina B Lewis #  1 , Maureen Smith  3 , Meg Carley  2 , Robert Volk  4 , Elisa E Douglas  5 , Lissa Pacheco-Brousseau  6 , Jeanette Finderup  7 , Janet Gunderson  8 , Michael J Barry  9 , Carol L Bennett  10 , Paulina Bravo  11 , Karina Steffensen  12 , Amédé Gogovor  13 , Ian D Graham  2   14 , Shannon E Kelly  15   16 , France Légaré  17 , Henning Sondergaard  18 , Richard Thomson  19 , Logan Trenaman  20 , Lyndal Trevena  21
Affiliations

Decision aids for people facing health treatment or screening decisions

Dawn Stacey et al. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. .

Abstract

Background: Patient decision aids are interventions designed to support people making health decisions. At a minimum, patient decision aids make the decision explicit, provide evidence-based information about the options and associated benefits/harms, and help clarify personal values for features of options. This is an update of a Cochrane review that was first published in 2003 and last updated in 2017.

Objectives: To assess the effects of patient decision aids in adults considering treatment or screening decisions using an integrated knowledge translation approach.

Search methods: We conducted the updated search for the period of 2015 (last search date) to March 2022 in CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, EBSCO, and grey literature. The cumulative search covers database origins to March 2022.

Selection criteria: We included published randomized controlled trials comparing patient decision aids to usual care. Usual care was defined as general information, risk assessment, clinical practice guideline summaries for health consumers, placebo intervention (e.g. information on another topic), or no intervention.

Data collection and analysis: Two authors independently screened citations for inclusion, extracted intervention and outcome data, and assessed risk of bias using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Primary outcomes, based on the International Patient Decision Aid Standards (IPDAS), were attributes related to the choice made (informed values-based choice congruence) and the decision-making process, such as knowledge, accurate risk perceptions, feeling informed, clear values, participation in decision-making, and adverse events. Secondary outcomes were choice, confidence in decision-making, adherence to the chosen option, preference-linked health outcomes, and impact on the healthcare system (e.g. consultation length). We pooled results using mean differences (MDs) and risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), applying a random-effects model. We conducted a subgroup analysis of 105 studies that were included in the previous review version compared to those published since that update (n = 104 studies). We used Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) to assess the certainty of the evidence.

Main results: This update added 104 new studies for a total of 209 studies involving 107,698 participants. The patient decision aids focused on 71 different decisions. The most common decisions were about cardiovascular treatments (n = 22 studies), cancer screening (n = 17 studies colorectal, 15 prostate, 12 breast), cancer treatments (e.g. 15 breast, 11 prostate), mental health treatments (n = 10 studies), and joint replacement surgery (n = 9 studies). When assessing risk of bias in the included studies, we rated two items as mostly unclear (selective reporting: 100 studies; blinding of participants/personnel: 161 studies), due to inadequate reporting. Of the 209 included studies, 34 had at least one item rated as high risk of bias. There was moderate-certainty evidence that patient decision aids probably increase the congruence between informed values and care choices compared to usual care (RR 1.75, 95% CI 1.44 to 2.13; 21 studies, 9377 participants). Regarding attributes related to the decision-making process and compared to usual care, there was high-certainty evidence that patient decision aids result in improved participants' knowledge (MD 11.90/100, 95% CI 10.60 to 13.19; 107 studies, 25,492 participants), accuracy of risk perceptions (RR 1.94, 95% CI 1.61 to 2.34; 25 studies, 7796 participants), and decreased decisional conflict related to feeling uninformed (MD -10.02, 95% CI -12.31 to -7.74; 58 studies, 12,104 participants), indecision about personal values (MD -7.86, 95% CI -9.69 to -6.02; 55 studies, 11,880 participants), and proportion of people who were passive in decision-making (clinician-controlled) (RR 0.72, 95% CI 0.59 to 0.88; 21 studies, 4348 participants). For adverse outcomes, there was high-certainty evidence that there was no difference in decision regret between the patient decision aid and usual care groups (MD -1.23, 95% CI -3.05 to 0.59; 22 studies, 3707 participants). Of note, there was no difference in the length of consultation when patient decision aids were used in preparation for the consultation (MD -2.97 minutes, 95% CI -7.84 to 1.90; 5 studies, 420 participants). When patient decision aids were used during the consultation with the clinician, the length of consultation was 1.5 minutes longer (MD 1.50 minutes, 95% CI 0.79 to 2.20; 8 studies, 2702 participants). We found the same direction of effect when we compared results for patient decision aid studies reported in the previous update compared to studies conducted since 2015.

Authors' conclusions: Compared to usual care, across a wide variety of decisions, patient decision aids probably helped more adults reach informed values-congruent choices. They led to large increases in knowledge, accurate risk perceptions, and an active role in decision-making. Our updated review also found that patient decision aids increased patients' feeling informed and clear about their personal values. There was no difference in decision regret between people using decision aids versus those receiving usual care. Further studies are needed to assess the impact of patient decision aids on adherence and downstream effects on cost and resource use.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00765869.

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Conflict of interest statement

Several of the investigators have developed patient decision aids, but none made study eligibility decisions about, extracted data from, performed risk of bias assessment for, or assessed GRADE certainty of their own studies where they were included in this review update.

DS: no relevant interests; Professor in the School of Nursing (no clinical work); Co‐chair, International Patient Decision Aid Standards Collaboration; involved in conducting a study that is eligible for inclusion in this review (to evaluate a patient decision aid produced by the Foundation in Ottawa in a RCT; funded by Foundation for Informed Decision Making); involved in conducting a study that is eligible for inclusion (Patient Decision Aid, University of Ottawa Heart Institute; funded by Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Canadian Council of Cardiovascular Nurses).

KBL: Canadian Cardiovascular Society (Grant/Contract); Canadian Institutes for Health Research (Grant/Contract); Cardiac Arrhythmia Network of Canada (Grant/Contract); Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada (Grant/Contract); licensed Registered Nurse in Ontario, Canada; involved in conducting a study that is eligible for inclusion (Patient Decision Aid, University of Ottawa Heart Institute; funded by Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Canadian Council of Cardiovascular Nurses).

MS: none known.

MC: none known.

RJV: no relevant interests; involved in a randomized trial of a patient decision aid for lung cancer screening (JAMA Network Open. 2020;3(1):e1920362. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.20362. Funding source: Patient‐Centered Outcomes Research Institute); involved in a randomized trial of a patient decision aid about prostate cancer screening (Archives of Family Medicine 1999;8(4):333‐40. [CRS ID: 3133593]. Funding source: internally funded). Both studies are included in this review update.

EED: none known.

LP‐B: no relevant interests; registered physiotherapist with the Ordre Professionnel de la Physiothérapie du Québec, but has never worked as a physiotherapist; is a recipient of the Arthritis Society PhD Salary Award supporting PhD studies from September 2021 to September 2023.

JF: no relevant interests; Clinical Nurse Specialist at Aarhus University Hospital.

JG: none known.

MB: Healthwise (Employment, end date: 31 March 2017; grantee, end date: 30 June 2021); National Cancer Institute (Consultant, end date: 6 January 2017); United States Preventive Services Task Force (Chair, ongoing); Indiana University (Consultant, end date: 25 August 2017); multiple publications on shared decision‐making; Informed Medical Decisions Foundation (pre‐2017), Healthwise had statements supporting SDM (both nonprofits; USPSTF has supported and published on SDM); recipient of AHRQ grant for an RCT of a BPH decision aid, many years ago, included in the review.

CLB: none known.

PB: no relevant interests; podcasts for CDC Empowerment related to shared decision‐making; board member of the International Shared Decision Making Society.

KDS: none known.

AG: none known.

IDG: none known.

SEK: none known.

FL: no relevant interests; family medicine doctor in the public healthcare system in Canada; involved in conducting a study that is eligible for inclusion (funded by the Canadian Institute of Health Research and FRSQ).

HS: no relevant interests; volunteer at the Danish Kidney Association, a not‐for‐profit, patient‐run patient organization.

RT: no relevant interests; number of publications related to decision aids and shared decision‐making; RCT of PDA carried out at Newcastle University (Thomson R, Eccles M, Steen N, Greenaway J, Stobbart L, Murtagh M, May C. A patient decision aid to support shared decision making on antithrombotic treatment of patients with atrial fibrillation: randomised controlled trial. QSHC 2007; 16: 216‐223. Funded NHS UK R&D).

LoT: no relevant interests; published work on the development and evaluation of patient decision aids. This includes publishing work as a member of the International Patient Decision Aids Standards Collaboration (unpaid); conducted a cost‐effectiveness analysis of an RCT led by Dawn Stacey. This included a trial‐based economic evaluation and a longitudinal resource use/cost analysis. The RCT was funded by the Informed Medical Decisions Foundation (conducted analysis while being funded through a CIHR doctoral award; both analyses were published in Osteoarthritis and Cartilage while at the University of British Columbia as a PhD student).

LyT: Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care (Member of the Patients as Partners Committee); University of Sydney (Employment); Agency for Clinical Innovation (Consultant); peer reviewed publications on shared decision‐making; pro bono clinical work as a GP with refugees; involved in National Health and Medical Research Foundation (NHMRC)‐funded trial of decision aids for antibiotic use with respiratory infections (excluded from this review update) and also a NHMRC‐funded trial of decision aid for colon cancer screening (included study).

Figures

1
1
Funnel plot of comparison: 3.1 Informed values‐choice congruence ‐ all studies
2
2
PRISMA flow diagram
3
3
Risk of bias summary as percentages across all included studies.
4
4
Risk of bias summary for each included study.
5
5
Funnel plot of comparison: 1 Knowledge, outcome: 1.1 Knowledge ‐ all studies.
6
6
Funnel plot of comparison 2.1 Accurate risk perceptions ‐ all studies
7
7
Funnel plot of comparison: 4.1 Decisional conflict: Uninformed ‐ all studies
8
8
9
9
10
10
1.1
1.1. Analysis
Comparison 1: Informed values‐choice congruence, Outcome 1: Informed values‐choice congruence ‐ all studies
1.2
1.2. Analysis
Comparison 1: Informed values‐choice congruence, Outcome 2: Informed values‐choice congruence ‐ without studies of high risk of bias
1.3
1.3. Analysis
Comparison 1: Informed values‐choice congruence, Outcome 3: Informed values‐choice congruence ‐ old vs new studies
1.4
1.4. Analysis
Comparison 1: Informed values‐choice congruence, Outcome 4: Informed values‐chose congruence ‐ using MMIC
1.5
1.5. Analysis
Comparison 1: Informed values‐choice congruence, Outcome 5: Informed values‐chose congruence ‐ using non‐MMIC measures
2.1
2.1. Analysis
Comparison 2: Knowledge, Outcome 1: Knowledge ‐ all studies
2.2
2.2. Analysis
Comparison 2: Knowledge, Outcome 2: Knowledge ‐ studies without high risk of bias
2.3
2.3. Analysis
Comparison 2: Knowledge, Outcome 3: Knowledge ‐ old vs new studies
3.1
3.1. Analysis
Comparison 3: Accurate risk perceptions, Outcome 1: Accurate risk perceptions ‐ all studies
3.2
3.2. Analysis
Comparison 3: Accurate risk perceptions, Outcome 2: Accurate risk perceptions ‐ studies without high risk of bias
3.3
3.3. Analysis
Comparison 3: Accurate risk perceptions, Outcome 3: Accurate risk perceptions ‐ old vs new studies
4.1
4.1. Analysis
Comparison 4: Decisional conflict, Outcome 1: Decisional conflict ‐ uninformed ‐ all studies
4.2
4.2. Analysis
Comparison 4: Decisional conflict, Outcome 2: Decisional conflict ‐ uninformed ‐ without studies having high risk of bias
4.3
4.3. Analysis
Comparison 4: Decisional conflict, Outcome 3: Decisional conflict ‐ uninformed ‐ old vs new studies
4.4
4.4. Analysis
Comparison 4: Decisional conflict, Outcome 4: Decisional conflict ‐ unclear values ‐ all studies
4.5
4.5. Analysis
Comparison 4: Decisional conflict, Outcome 5: Decisional conflict ‐ unclear values ‐ without studies having high risk of bias
4.6
4.6. Analysis
Comparison 4: Decisional conflict, Outcome 6: Unclear values ‐ old vs new studies
5.1
5.1. Analysis
Comparison 5: Participation in decision making, Outcome 1: Participation in decision‐making ‐ all studies
5.2
5.2. Analysis
Comparison 5: Participation in decision making, Outcome 2: Participation in decision‐making ‐ studies without high risk of bias
5.3
5.3. Analysis
Comparison 5: Participation in decision making, Outcome 3: Participation in decision‐making ‐ clinician‐controlled ‐ old vs new studies
5.4
5.4. Analysis
Comparison 5: Participation in decision making, Outcome 4: Participation in decision‐making ‐ patient‐controlled ‐ old vs new studies
5.5
5.5. Analysis
Comparison 5: Participation in decision making, Outcome 5: Participation in decision‐making ‐ shared decision‐making ‐ old vs new studies
6.1
6.1. Analysis
Comparison 6: Decision regret, Outcome 1: Decision regret ‐ all studies
6.2
6.2. Analysis
Comparison 6: Decision regret, Outcome 2: Decision regret ‐ studies without high risk of bias
6.3
6.3. Analysis
Comparison 6: Decision regret, Outcome 3: Decision regret ‐ old vs new studies
7.1
7.1. Analysis
Comparison 7: Proportion undecided, Outcome 1: Proportion undecided ‐ all studies
7.2
7.2. Analysis
Comparison 7: Proportion undecided, Outcome 2: Proportion undecided ‐ studies without high risk of bias
7.3
7.3. Analysis
Comparison 7: Proportion undecided, Outcome 3: Proportion undecided ‐ old vs new studies
8.1
8.1. Analysis
Comparison 8: Patient‐clinician communication, Outcome 1: Patient‐clinician communication ‐ continuous measures (OPTION, CollaboRATE, SDM‐Q‐9)
8.2
8.2. Analysis
Comparison 8: Patient‐clinician communication, Outcome 2: Discussed topic with provider
8.3
8.3. Analysis
Comparison 8: Patient‐clinician communication, Outcome 3: Patient‐clinician communication ‐ continuous measures (OPTION, CollaboRATE, SDM‐Q‐9) ‐ studies without high risk of bias
8.4
8.4. Analysis
Comparison 8: Patient‐clinician communication, Outcome 4: Discussed topic with provider ‐ studies without high risk of bias
9.1
9.1. Analysis
Comparison 9: Satisfaction, Outcome 1: Satisfaction with the decision‐making process ‐ all studies
9.2
9.2. Analysis
Comparison 9: Satisfaction, Outcome 2: Satisfaction with the decision‐making process ‐ studies without high risk of bias
9.3
9.3. Analysis
Comparison 9: Satisfaction, Outcome 3: Satisfaction with the decision‐making process ‐ old vs new studies
10.1
10.1. Analysis
Comparison 10: Preparation for decision‐making, Outcome 1: Preparation for decision‐making ‐ all studies
10.2
10.2. Analysis
Comparison 10: Preparation for decision‐making, Outcome 2: Preparation for decision‐making studies without high risk of bias
10.3
10.3. Analysis
Comparison 10: Preparation for decision‐making, Outcome 3: Preparation for decision‐making ‐ old vs new studies
11.1
11.1. Analysis
Comparison 11: Choice, Outcome 1: Choice: surgery over conservative option (subgroup by condition)
11.2
11.2. Analysis
Comparison 11: Choice, Outcome 2: Choice for screening
11.3
11.3. Analysis
Comparison 11: Choice, Outcome 3: Choice: diabetes medication (uptake of new medication)
11.4
11.4. Analysis
Comparison 11: Choice, Outcome 4: Choice: surgery over conservative option ‐ studies without high risk of bias
11.5
11.5. Analysis
Comparison 11: Choice, Outcome 5: Choice for screening ‐ studies without high risk of bias
11.6
11.6. Analysis
Comparison 11: Choice, Outcome 6: Choice: diabetes medication (uptake of new medication) ‐ studies without high risk of bias
12.1
12.1. Analysis
Comparison 12: Confidence, Outcome 1: Confidence ‐ all studies
12.2
12.2. Analysis
Comparison 12: Confidence, Outcome 2: Confidence ‐ studies without high risk of bias
12.3
12.3. Analysis
Comparison 12: Confidence, Outcome 3: Confidence ‐ old vs new studies
13.1
13.1. Analysis
Comparison 13: Consultation length, Outcome 1: Consultation length ‐ subgroup by timing of intervention (in consultation versus in preparation for consultation)
13.2
13.2. Analysis
Comparison 13: Consultation length, Outcome 2: Consultation length ‐ subgroup by timing of intervention ‐ studies without high risk of bias
13.3
13.3. Analysis
Comparison 13: Consultation length, Outcome 3: Consultation length ‐ old vs new studies (in consultation)
13.4
13.4. Analysis
Comparison 13: Consultation length, Outcome 4: Consultation length ‐ old vs new studies (in preparation for consultation)
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Update of

References

References to studies included in this review

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Bernstein 1998 {published and unpublished data}
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Berry 2018 {published data only}
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Beulen 2016 {published data only}
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Bonner 2022 {published data only}
    1. Bonner C , Batcup C , Ayre J , Cvejic E , Trevena L , McCaffery K , et al. The impact of health literacy-sensitive design and heart age in a cardiovascular disease prevention decision aid: randomised controlled trial and end user testing . JMIR Cardio 2022. ; 6 ( 1 ): e34142 . [DOI: 10.2196/34142 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Bourmaud 2016 {published data only}
    1. Bourmaud A , Michel PS , Oriol M , Regnier V , Tinquaut F , Nourissat A , et al. Decision aid on breast cancer screening reduces attendance rate: results of a large-scale, randomized, controlled study by the DECIDEO group . Oncotarget 2016. ; 7 ( 11 ): 12885-92 . [DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7332 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Bozic 2013 {published data only}
    1. Bozic KJ , Belkora J , Chan V , Youm J , Zhou T , Dupaix J , et al. Shared decision making in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip and knee: results of a randomized controlled trial . Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery: American Volume 2013. ; 95 ( 18 ): 1633-9 . - PubMed
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Brazell 2014 {published data only}
    1. Brazell HD , O'Sullivan DM , Forrest A , Greene JF . Effect of a decision aid on decision making for the treatment of pelvic organ prolapse . Female Pelvic Medicine & Reconstructive Surgery 2014. ; 21 ( 4 ): 231-5 . - PubMed
Brown 2019 {published data only}
    1. Brown L , Gardner G , Bonner A . A randomized controlled trial testing a decision support intervention for older patients with advanced kidney disease . Journal of Advanced Nursing 2019. ; 75 ( 11 ): 3032-44 . [DOI: 10.1111/jan.14112 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PubMed
Carlson 2019 {published data only}
    1. Carlson LM , Harris S , Hardisty EE , Hocutt G , Vargo D , Campbell E , et al. Use of a novel computerized decision aid for aneuploidy screening: a randomized controlled trial . Genetics in Medicine 2019. ; 21 ( 4 ): 923-9 . [DOI: 10.1038/s41436-018-0283-2 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Carroll 2017 {published data only}
    1. Carroll SL , Stacey D , McGillion M , Healey JS , Foster G , Hutchings S , et al. Evaluating the feasibility of conducting a trial using a patient decision aid in implantable cardioverter defibrillator candidates: a randomized controlled feasibility trial . Pilot and Feasibility Studies 2017. ; 3 : 49 . [DOI: 10.1186/s40814-017-0189-9 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Case 2019 {published data only}
    1. Case BC , Qamer SZ , Gates EM , Srichai MB . Shared decision making in cardiovascular disease in the outpatient setting . JACC. Case Reports 2019. ; 1 ( 2 ): 261-70 . [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaccas.2019.06.005 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Chabrera 2015 {published data only}
    1. Chabrera C , Zabalegui A , Bonet M , Caro M , Areal J , González JR , Font A . A decision aid to support informed choices for patients recently diagnosed with prostate cancer . Cancer Nursing 2015. ; 38 ( 3 ): E42-E50 . - PubMed
Chambers 2012 {published data only}
    1. Chambers LW , Wilson K , Hawken S , Puxty J , Crowe L , Lam PP , et al. Impact of the Ottawa influenza decision aid on healthcare personnel's influenza immunization decision: a randomized trial . Journal of Hospital Infection 2012. ; 82 ( 3 ): 194-202 . - PubMed
Chen C 2021 {published data only}
    1. Chen CH , Kang YN , Chiu PY , Huang YJ , Elwyn G , Wu MH , et al. Effectiveness of shared decision-making intervention in patients with lumbar degenerative diseases: a randomized controlled trial . Patient Education and Counseling 2021. ; 104 ( 10 ): 2498-504 . [DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2021.03.002 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PubMed
Chen S 2021 {published data only}
    1. Chen SW , Yang CC , Te JC , Tsai YL , Shorten B , Shorten A . Birth choices after caesarean in Taiwan: a mixed methods pilot study of a decision aid for shared decision making . Midwifery 2021. ; 95 : 102920 . [DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2020.102920 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PubMed
Clancy 1988 {published data only}
    1. Clancy CM , Cebul RD , Williams SV . Guiding individual decisions: a randomized, controlled trial of decision analysis . American Journal of Medicine 1988. ; 84 ( 2 ): 283-8 . - PubMed
Cox 2019 {published data only}
    1. Cox CE , White DB , Hough CL , Jones DM , Kahn JM , Olsen MK , et al. Effects of a personalized web-based decision aid for surrogate decision makers of patients with prolonged mechanical ventilation: a randomized clinical trial . Annals of Internal Medicine 2019. ; 170 ( 5 ): 285-97 . [DOI: 10.7326/M18-2335 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Coylewright 2016 {published data only}
    1. Coylewright M , Dick S , Zmolek B , Askelin J , Hawkins E , Branda M , et al. PCI choice decision aid for stable coronary artery disease: a randomized trial . Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes 2016. ; 9 ( 6 ): 767-76 . [DOI: 10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.116.002641 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PubMed
Crew 2022 {published data only}
    1. Crew KD , Bhatkhande G , Silverman T , Amenta J , Jones T , McGuinness JE , et al. Patient and provider web-based decision support for breast cancer chemoprevention: a randomized controlled trial . Cancer Prevention Research 2022. ; 15 ( 10 ): 689-700 . [DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-22-0013 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Cuypers 2018 {published data only}
    1. Cuypers M , Lamers RD , Kil PM , de Poll-Franse LV , Vries M . Impact of a web-based prostate cancer treatment decision aid on patient-reported decision process parameters: results from the Prostate Cancer Patient Centered Care trial . Supportive Care in Cancer 2018. ; 26 ( 11 ): 3739-48 . [DOI: 10.1007/s00520-018-4236-8 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Cuypers M , Lamers RED , Kil PJM , de Poll-Franse LV , Vries M . Longitudinal regret and information satisfaction after deciding on treatment for localized prostate cancer with or without a decision aid. Results at one-year follow-up in the PCPCC trial . Patient Education and Counseling 2019. ; 102 ( 3 ): 424-8 . [DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2018.10.006 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PubMed
Davison 1997 {published data only}
    1. Davison BJ , Degner LF . Empowerment of men newly diagnosed with prostate cancer . Cancer Nursing 1997. ; 20 ( 3 ): 187-96 . - PubMed
De Achaval 2012 {published data only}
    1. De Achaval S , Fraenkel L , Volk R , Cox V , Suarez-Almazor M . Impact of educational and patient decision aids on decisional conflict associated with total knee arthroplasty . Arthritis Care & Research 2012. ; 64 ( 2 ): 229-37 . - PMC - PubMed
Dolan 2002 {published data only}
    1. Dolan JG , Frisina S . Randomized controlled trial of a patient decision aid for colorectal cancer screening . Medical Decision Making 2002. ; 22 ( 2 ): 125-39 . - PubMed
Durand 2021 {published data only}
    1. Durand MA , Yen RW , O'Malley AJ , Schubbe D , Politi MC , Saunders CH , et al. What matters most: randomized controlled trial of breast cancer surgery conversation aids across socioeconomic strata . Cancer 2021. ; 127 ( 3 ): 422-36 . [DOI: 10.1002/cncr.33248 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Politi MC , Yen RW , Elwyn G , Kurien N , Czerwinski SG , Schubbe D et al. Encounter decision aids can prompt breast cancer surgery cost discussions: analysis of recorded consultations . Medical Decision Making 2020. ; 40 ( 1 ): 62-71 . [DOI: 10.1177/0272989X19893308 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PubMed
    1. Yen RW , Durand MA , Harris C , Cohen S , Ward A , O'Malley AJ , et al. Text-only and picture conversation aids both supported shared decision making for breast cancer surgery: analysis from a cluster randomized trial . Patient Education and Counseling 2020. ; 103 ( 11 ): 2235-43 . [DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2020.07.015 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PubMed
Ehrbar 2019 {published data only}
    1. Ehrbar V , Germeyer A , Nawroth F , Dangel A , Findeklee S , Urech C , et al. Long-term effectiveness of an online decision aid for female cancer patients regarding fertility preservation: knowledge, attitude, and decisional regret . Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 2021. ; 100 ( 6 ): 1132-9 . [PMID: 10.1111/aogs.14108 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PubMed
    1. Ehrbar V , Urech C , Rochlitz C , Zanetti Dällenbach R , Moffat R , Stiller R , et al. Randomized controlled trial on the effect of an online decision aid for young female cancer patients regarding fertility preservation . Human Reproduction 2019. ; 34 ( 9 ): 1726-34 . [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dez136 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PubMed
Elliott 2022 {published data only}
    1. Elliott TE , Asche SE , O'Connor PJ , Dehmer SP , Ekstrom HL , Truitt AR , et al. Clinical decision support with or without shared decision making to improve preventive cancer care: a cluster-randomized trial . Medical Decision Making 2022. ; 42 ( 6 ): 808-21 . [DOI: 10.1177/0272989X221082083 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Evans 2010 {published data only}
    1. Evans R , Joseph-Williams N , Edwards A , Newcombe R , Wright P , Kinnersley P , et al. Supporting informed decision making for prostate specific antigen (PSA) testing on the web: an online randomized controlled trial . Journal of Medical Internet Research 2010. ; 12 ( 3 ): e27 . - PMC - PubMed
Fagerlin 2011 {published data only}
    1. Banegas MP , McClure JB , Barlow WE , Ubel PA , Smith DM , Zikmund-Fisher BJ , et al. Results from a randomized trial of a web-based, tailored decision aid for women at high risk for breast cancer . Patient Education and Counseling 2013. ; 91 : 364-71 . - PMC - PubMed
    1. Fagerlin A , Dillard AJ , Smith DM , Zikmund-Fisher BJ , Pitsch R , McClure JB , et al. Women's interest in taking tamoxifen and raloxifene for breast cancer prevention: response to a tailored decision aid . Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 2011. ; 127 ( 3 ): 681-8 . - PMC - PubMed
    1. Fagerlin A . Randomization for Guide to Decide phase II . Word document provided by the authors .
    1. Korfage IJ , Fuhrel-Forbis A , Ubel PA , Zikmund-Fisher BJ , Greene SM , McClure JB , et al. Informed choice about breast cancer prevention: randomized controlled trial of an online decision aid intervention . Breast Cancer Research 2013. ; 15 ( R74 ): 1-9 . - PMC - PubMed
Fisher 2020 {published data only}
    1. Fisher A , Keast R , Costa D , Sharpe L , Manicavasagar V , Anderson J , et al. Improving treatment decision-making in bipolar II disorder: a phase II randomised controlled trial of an online patient decision-aid . BMC Psychiatry 2020. ; 20 ( 1 ): 447 . [DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02845-0 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Fraenkel 2007 {published data only}
    1. Fraenkel L , Rabidou N , Wittink D , Fried T . Improving informed decision-making for patients with knee pain . Journal of Rheumatology 2007. ; 34 ( 9 ): 1894-8 . - PubMed
Fraenkel 2012 {published data only}
    1. Fraenkel L , Street RL Jr, Towle V , O'Leary JR , Iannone L , Van Ness PH , et al. A pilot randomized controlled trial of a decision support tool to improve the quality of communication and decision-making in individuals with atrial fibrillation . Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2012. ; 60 ( 8 ): 1434-41 . - PMC - PubMed
Fraenkel 2015 {published data only}
    1. Fraenkel L , Matzko CK , Webb DE , Oppermann B , Charpentier B , Peters E , et al. Use of decision support for improved knowledge, values clarification, and informed choice in patients with rheumatoid arthritis . Arthritis Care & Research 2015. ; 67 ( 11 ): 1496-502 . [DOI: 10.1002/acr.22659 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Frosch 2008a {published data only}
    1. Frosch DL , Bhatnagar V , Tally S , Hamori CJ , Kaplan RM . Internet patient decision support: a randomized controlled trial comparing alternative approaches for men considering prostate cancer screening . Archives of Internal Medicine 2008. ; 168 ( 4 ): 363-9 . - PubMed
Fung 2021 {published data only}
    1. Fung CH , Martin JL , Liang LJ , Hays RD , Col N , Patterson ES , et al. Efficacy of a patient decision aid for improving person-centered decision-making by older adults with obstructive sleep apnea . Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine : JCSM : Official Publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine 2021. ; 17 ( 2 ): 121-8 . [DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.8798 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Gabel 2020a {published data only}
    1. Gabel P , Edwards A , Kirkegaard P , Larsen MB , Andersen B . The LEAD trial—The effectiveness of a decision aid on decision making among citizens with lower educational attainment who have not participated in FIT-based colorectal cancer screening in Denmark: a randomised controlled trial . Patient Education and Counseling 2020. ; 103 ( 2 ): 359-68 . [DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2019.08.029 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PubMed
Gabel 2020b {published data only}
    1. Gabel P , Larsen MB , Edwards A , Kirkegaard P , Andersen B . Effectiveness of a decision aid for colorectal cancer screening on components of informed choice according to educational attainment: a randomised controlled trial . PLOS One 2020. ; 15 ( 11 ): e0241703 . [DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241703 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Gagne 2017 {published data only}
    1. Gagné ME , Légaré F , Moisan J , Boulet LP . Impact of adding a decision aid to patient education in adults with asthma: a randomized clinical trial . PLOS One 2017. ; 12 ( 1 ): e0170055 . [DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170055 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Gattellari 2003 {published data only}
    1. Gattellari M , Ward JE . Does evidence-based information about screening for prostate cancer enhance consumer decision-making? A randomised controlled trial . Journal of Medical Screening 2003. ; 10 ( 1 ): 27-39 . - PubMed
Gattellari 2005 {published data only}
    1. Gattellari M , Ward JE . A community-based randomised controlled trial of three different educational resources for men about prostate cancer screening . Patient Education and Counseling 2005. ; 57 ( 2 ): 168-82 . - PubMed
Gokce 2019 {published data only}
    1. Gökce MI , Akpınar C , Esen B , Solak V , Gülpınar O , Bedük Y. The role of a novel decision aid to support informed decision making process in patients with a symptomatic non - lower pole renal stone < 20 mm in diameter: a prospective randomized study . International Brazilian Journal of Urology 2019. ; 45 ( 5 ): 941-7 . [DOI: 10.1590/S1677-5538.IBJU.2018.0198 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Gordon 2017 {published data only}
    1. Gordon EJ , Sohn MW , Chang CH , McNatt G , Vera K , Beauvais N , et al. Effect of a mobile web app on kidney transplant candidates' knowledge about increased risk donor kidneys: a randomized controlled trial . Transplantation 2017. ; 101 ( 6 ): 1167-76 . [DOI: 10.1097/TP.0000000000001273 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Green 2001 {published data only}
    1. Green MJ , Biesecker BB , McInerney AM , Mauger D , Fost N . An interactive computer program can effectively educate patients about genetic testing for breast cancer susceptibility . American Journal of Medical Genetics 2001. ; 103 ( 1 ): 16-23 . - PubMed
Hamann 2006 {published data only}
    1. Hamann J , Cohen R , Leucht S , Busch R , Kissling W . Shared decision making and long-term outcome in schizophrenia treatment . Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 2007. ; 68 ( 7 ): 992-7 . - PubMed
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Hanson 2011 {published data only}
    1. Ersek M , Sefcik JS , Feng-Chang L , Lee TJ , Gilliam R , Hanson LC . Provider staffing effect on a decision aid intervention . Clinical Nursing Research 2014. ; 23 : 36-53 . - PMC - PubMed
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Heller 2008 {published data only}
    1. Heller L , Parker PA , Youssef A , Miller MJ . Interactive digital education aid in breast reconstruction . Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery 2008. ; 122 ( 3 ): 717-24 . - PubMed
Hess 2012 {published data only}
    1. Hess EP , Knoedler MA , Shah ND , Kline JA , Breslin M , Branda ME , et al. The chest pain choice decision aid: a randomized trial . Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes 2012. ; 5 ( 3 ): 251-9 . - PubMed
Hess 2016 {published data only}
    1. Hess EP , Hollander JE , Schaffer JT , Kline JA , Torres CA , Diercks DB , et al. Shared decision making in patients with low risk chest pain: prospective randomized pragmatic trial . BMJ 2016. ; 355 : i6165 . [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.i6165 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Hess 2018 {published data only}
    1. Hess EP , Homme JL , Kharbanda AB , Tzimenatos L , Louie JP , Cohen DM , et al. Effect of the head computed tomography choice decision aid in parents of children with minor head trauma: a cluster randomized trial . JAMA Network Open 2018. ; 1 ( 5 ): e182430 . [DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.2430 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Hoffman 2017 {published data only}
    1. Hoffman AS , Lowenstein LM , Kamath GR , Houste AJ , Leal VB , Linder SK et al. An entertainment-education colorectal cancer screening decision aid for african american patients: a randomized controlled trial . Cancer 2017. ; 123 ( 8 ): 1401-8 . [DOI: 10.1002/cncr.30489 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Ibrahim 2013 {published data only}
    1. Ibrahim SA , Hanusa BH , Hannon MJ , Kresevic D , Long J , Kent Kwoh C . Willingness and access to joint replacement among African American patients with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized, controlled intervention . Arthritis and Rheumatism 2013. ; 65 ( 5 ): 1253-61 . [DOI: 10.1002/art.37899 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Ibrahim 2017 {published data only}
    1. Ibrahim SA , Blum M , Lee GC , Mooar P , Medvedeva E , Collier A , et al. Effect of a decision aid on access to total knee replacement for black patients with osteoarthritis of the knee a randomized clinical trial . JAMA Surgery 2017. ; 152 ( 1 ): e164225 . [DOI: 10.1001/jamasurg.2016.4225 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Ickenroth 2016 {published data only}
    1. Ickenroth M , Grispen J , Vries N , Dinant G , Ronda G , Weijden T . Effects of a web-based decision aid regarding diagnostic self-testing. A single-blind randomized controlled trial . Health Education Research 2016. ; 31 ( 3 ): 395-404 . [DOI: 10.1093/her/cyw014 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PubMed
Jalil 2022 {published data only}
    1. Jalil NB , Lee PY , Nor Afiah MZ , Abdullah KL , Azizi FN , Rassip NN , et al. Effectiveness of decision aid in men with localized prostate cancer: a multicenter randomized controlled trial at tertiary referral hospitals in an Asia Pacific country . Journal of Cancer Education: the Official Journal of the American Association for Cancer Education 2022. ; 37 ( 1 ): 169-78 . [DOI: 10.1007/s13187-020-01801-6 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PubMed
Jibaja‐Weiss 2011 {published data only}
    1. Jibaja-Weiss M , Volk R , Granchi T , Neff N , Robinson E , Spann S , et al. Entertainment education for breast cancer surgery decisions: a randomized trial among patients with low health literacy . Patient Education and Counseling 2011. ; 84 ( 1 ): 41-8 . - PubMed
Johnson 2006 {published data only}
    1. Johnson BR , Schwartz A , Goldberg J , Koerber A . A chairside aid for shared decision making in dentistry: a randomized controlled trial . Journal of Dental Education 2006. ; 70 ( 2 ): 133-41 . - PubMed
Karagiannis 2016 {published data only}
    1. Karagiannis T , Liakos A , Branda ME , Athanasiadou E , Mainou M , Boura P , et al. Use of the diabetes medication choice decision aid in patients with type 2 diabetes in Greece: a cluster randomised trial . BMJ Open 2016. ; 6 ( 11 ): e012185 . [DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012185 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Kasper 2008 {published data only}
    1. Kasper J , Kopke S , Muhlhauser I , Nubling M , Heesen C . Informed shared decision making about immunotherapy for patients with multiple sclerosis (ISDIMS): a randomized controlled trial . European Journal of Neurology 2008. ; 15 ( 12 ): 1345-52 . - PubMed
Kennedy 2002 {published data only}
    1. Kennedy AD , Sculpher MJ , Coulter A , Dwyer N , Rees M , Abrams KR , et al. Effects of decision aids for menorrhagia on treatment choices, health outcomes, and costs: a randomized controlled trial . JAMA 2002. ; 288 ( 21 ): 2701-8 . - PubMed
Khalifeh 2019 {published data only}
    1. Khalifeh H , Molyneaux E , Brauer R , Vigod S , Howard LM . Patient decision aids for antidepressant use in pregnancy: a pilot randomised controlled trial in the UK . BJGP Open 2019. ; 3 ( 4 ): bjgpopen19X101666 . [DOI: 10.3399/bjgpopen19X101666 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Kleiss 2021 {published data only}
    1. Kleiss II , Kortlever JT , Ring D , Vagner GA , Reichel LM . A randomized controlled trial of decision aids for upper-extremity conditions . Journal of Hand Surgery 2021. ; 46 ( 4 ): 338.e1-15 . [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2020.09.003 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PubMed
Knops 2014 {published data only}
    1. Knops AM , Goossens A , Ubbink DT , Balm R , Koelemay MJ , Vahl AC , et al, DECAID Trial Group . A decision aid regarding treatment options for patients with an asymptomatic abdominal aortic aneurysm: a randomised clinical trial . European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery 2014. ; 48 ( 3 ): 276-83 . - PubMed
Korteland 2017 {published data only}
    1. Korteland NM , Ahmed Y , Koolbergen DR , Brouwer M , Heer F , Kluin J , et al. Does the use of a decision aid improve decision making in prosthetic heart valve selection? A multicenter randomized trial . Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes 2017. ; 10 ( 2 ): e003178 . [DOI: 10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.116.003178 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PubMed
Kostick 2018 {published data only}
    1. Kostick KM , Bruce CR , Minard CG , Volk RJ , Civitello A , Krim SR , et al. A multisite randomized controlled trial of a patient-centered ventricular assist device decision aid (VADDA Trial) . Journal of Cardiac Failure 2018. ; 24 ( 10 ): 661-71 . [DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2018.08.008 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PubMed
Krishnamurti 2019 {published data only}
    1. Krishnamurti L , Ross D , Sinha C , Leong T , Bakshi N , Mittal N , et al. Comparative effectiveness of a web-based patient decision aid for therapeutic options for sickle cell disease: randomized controlled trial . Journal of Medical Internet Research 2019. ; 21 ( 12 ): e14462 . [DOI: 10.2196/14462 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Krist 2007 {published data only}
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Kukafka 2022 {published data only}
    1. Kukafka R , Pan S , Silverman T , Zhang T , Chung WK , Terry MB , et al. Patient and clinician decision support to increase genetic counseling for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome in primary care: a cluster randomized clinical trial . JAMA Network Open 2022. ; 5 ( 7 ): e2222092 . [DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.22092 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Kunneman 2020 {published data only}
    1. Kunneman M , Branda ME , Hargraves IG , Sivly AL , Lee AT , Gorr H , et al. Assessment of shared decision-making for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation: a randomized clinical trial . JAMA Internal Medicine 2020. ; 180 ( 9 ): 1215-24 . [DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.2908 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Kupke 2013 {published data only (unpublished sought but not used)}
    1. Kupke J , Wicht MJ , Stützer H , Derman SH , Lichtenstein NV , Noack MJ . Does the use of a visualised decision board by undergraduate students during shared decision-making enhance patients' knowledge and satisfaction? A randomised controlled trial . European Journal of Dental Education 2013. ; 17 ( 1 ): 19-25 . - PubMed
Kuppermann 2014 {published data only}
    1. Kuppermann M , Pena S , Bishop JT , Nakagawa S , Gregorich SE , Sit A , et al. Effect of enhanced information, values clarification, and removal of financial barriers on use of prenatal genetic testing: a randomized clinical trial . JAMA 2014. ; 312 ( 12 ): 1210-7 . - PMC - PubMed
Kuppermann 2020 {published data only}
    1. Kuppermann M , Kaimal AJ , Blat C , Gonzalez J , Thiet MP , Bermingham Y , et al. Effect of a patient-centered decision support tool on rates of trial of labor after previous cesarean delivery: the PROCEED randomized clinical trial . JAMA 2020. ; 323 ( 21 ): 2151-9 . [DOI: 10.1001/jama.2020.5952 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Lam 2013 {published data only}
    1. Lam WW , Chan M , Or A , Kwong A , Suen D , Fielding R . Reducing treatment decision conflict difficulties in breast cancer surgery: a randomized controlled trial . Journal of Clinical Oncology 2013. ; 31 ( 23 ): 2879-85 . - PubMed
Langston 2010 {published data only}
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Laupacis 2006 {published data only}
    1. Laupacis A , O'Connor AM , Drake ER , Rubens FD , Robblee JA , Grant FC , et al. A decision aid for autologous pre-donation in cardiac surgery - a randomized trial . Patient Education and Counseling 2006. ; 61 ( 3 ): 458-66 . - PubMed
LeBlanc 2015 {published data only}
    1. LeBlanc A , Wang AT , Wyatt K , Branda ME , Shah ND , Van Houten H , et al. Encounter decision aid vs. clinical decision support or usual care to support patient-centered treatment decisions in osteoporosis: the osteoporosis choice randomized trial II . PLOS One 2015. ; 10 ( 5 ): 1-13 . - PMC - PubMed
LeBlanc 2015b {published data only}
    1. LeBlanc A , Herrin J , Williams MD , Inselman JW , Branda ME , Shah ND , et al. Shared decision making for antidepressants in primary care: a cluster randomized trial . JAMA Internal Medicine 2015. ; 175 ( 11 ): 1761-70 . [DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2015.5214 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Legare 2008a {published data only}
    1. Legare F , Dodin S , Stacey D , Leblanc A , Tapp S . Patient decision aid on natural health products for menopausal symptoms: randomized controlled trial . Menopause International 2008. ; 14 ( 3 ): 105-10 . - PubMed
Legare 2011 {published data only}
    1. Legare F , Labrecque M , LeBlanc A , Njoya M , Laurier C , Cote L , et al. Training family physicians in shared decision making for the use of antibiotics for acute respiratory infections: a pilot clustered randomized controlled trial . Health Expectations 2011. ; 14 : 96-110 . - PMC - PubMed
Legare 2012 {published and unpublished data}
    1. Legare F , Labrecque M , Cauchon M , Castel J , Turcotte S , Grimshaw J . Training family physicians in shared decision-making to reduce the overuse of antibiotics in acute respiratory infections: a cluster randomized trial . Canadian Medical Association Journal 2012. ; 184 ( 13 ): E726-34 . - PMC - PubMed
Leighl 2011 {published data only}
    1. Leighl NB , Shepherd HL , Butow PN , Clarke SJ , McJannett M , Beale PJ , et al. Supporting treatment decision making in advanced cancer: a randomized trial of a decision aid for patients with advanced colorectal cancer considering chemotherapy . Journal of Clinical Oncology 2011. ; 29 ( 15 ): 2077-84 . - PubMed
Lepore 2012 {published data only}
    1. Lepore SJ , Wolf RL , Basch CE , Godfrey M , McGinty E , Shmukler C , et al. Informed decision making about prostate cancer testing in predominantly immigrant black men: a randomized controlled trial . Annals of Behavioral Medicine 2012. ; 44 ( 3 ): 320-30 . - PMC - PubMed
Lerman 1997 {published data only}
    1. Lerman C , Biesecker B , Benkendorf JL , Kerner J , Gomez-Caminero A , Hughes C , et al. Controlled trial of pretest education approaches to enhance informed decision-making for BRCA1 gene testing . Journal of the National Cancer Institute 1997. ; 89 ( 2 ): 148-57 . - PubMed
Lewis 2010 {published data only}
    1. Lewis C , Pignone M , Schild L , Scott T , Winquist A , Rimer B , et al. Effectiveness of a patient and practice-level colorectal cancer screening intervention in health plan members: design and baseline findings of the CHOICE trial . Cancer 2010. ; 116 ( 7 ): 1664-73 . - PMC - PubMed
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Lewis 2018 {published data only}
    1. Lewis CL , Kistler CE , Dalton AF , Morris C , Ferrari R , Barclay C , et al. A decision aid to promote appropriate colorectal cancer screening among older adults: a randomized controlled trial . Medical Decision Making 2018. ; 38 ( 5 ): 614-24 . [DOI: 10.1177/0272989X18773713 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PubMed
Lewis 2021 {published data only}
    1. Lewis KB , Birnie D , Carroll SL , Brousseau-Whaley C , Clark L , Green M , et al. Decision support for implantable cardioverter-defibrillator replacement: a pilot feasibility randomized controlled trial . Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing 2021. ; 36 ( 2 ): 143-50 . [DOI: 10.1097/JCN.0000000000000694 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PubMed
Lin 2020 {published data only}
    1. Lin SC , Tam KW , Yen JY , Lu MC , Chen EY , Kuo YT et al. The impact of shared decision making with patient decision aids on the rotavirus vaccination rate in children: a randomized controlled trial . Preventive Medicine 2020. ; 141 : 106244 . [DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106244 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PubMed
Lin 2022 {published data only}
    1. Lin SQ , Su CM , Wu HC , Chou YY , Yen YC , Tam KW . Effect of patient decision aids on decisional conflict and regret associated with breast cancer surgery: a randomized controlled trial . Breast Cancer: the Journal of the Japanese Breast Cancer Society 2022. ; 29 ( 5 ): 880-8 . [DOI: 10.1007/s12282-022-01370-0 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PubMed
Loh 2007 {published data only}
    1. Loh A , Simon D , Harter M . Effects of shared decision making in primary care of depressive patients - better compliance and treatment effects . Klinikarzt 2007. ; 36 ( 1 ): 38-41 .
    1. Loh A , Simon D , Wills CE , Kriston L , Niebling W , Harter M . The effects of a shared decision-making intervention in primary care of depression: a cluster-randomized controlled trial . Patient Education and Counseling 2007. ; 67 ( 3 ): 324-32 . - PubMed
Love 2016 {published data only}
    1. Love EM , Manalo IF , Chen SC , Chen KH , Stoff BK . A video-based educational pilot for basal cell carcinoma (BCC) treatment: a randomized controlled trial . Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 2016. ; 74 ( 3 ): 477-83.e7 . [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2015.10.014 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PubMed
Luan 2016 {published data only}
    1. Luan A , Hui KJ , Remington AC , Liu X , Lee GK . Effects of a novel decision aid for breast reconstruction: a randomized prospective trial . Annals of Plastic Surgery 2016. ; 76 ( Suppl 3 ): S249-54 . [DOI: 10.1097/SAP.0000000000000722 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PubMed
Madden 2020 {published data only}
    1. Madden T , Holttum J , Maddipati R , Secura GM , Nease RF , Peipert JF , et a. Evaluation of a computerized contraceptive decision aid: a randomized controlled trial . Contraception 2020. ; 102 ( 5 ): 339-45 . [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2020.08.002 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Mann D 2010 {published data only}
    1. Mann DM , Ponieman D , Montori VM , Arciniega J , McGinn T . The statin choice decision aid in primary care: a randomized trial . Patient Education and Counseling 2010. ; 80 ( 1 ): 138-40 . - PubMed
Mann E 2010 {published data only}
    1. Mann E , Kellar I , Sutton S , Kinmonth AL , Hankins M , Griffin S , et al. Impact of informed-choice invitations on diabetes screening knowledge, attitude and intentions: an analogue study . BMC Public Health 2010. ; 10 : 768 . - PMC - PubMed
Manne 2020 {published data only}
    1. Manne SL , Smith BL , Frederick S , Mitarotondo A , Kashy DA , Kirstein LJ . B-Sure: a randomized pilot trial of an interactive web-based decision support aid versus usual care in average-risk breast cancer patients considering contralateral prophylactic mastectomy . Translational Behavioral Medicine 2020. ; 10 ( 2 ): 355-63 . [DOI: 10.1093/tbm/iby133 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Man‐Son‐Hing 1999 {published and unpublished data}
    1. Man-Son-Hing M , Laupacis A , O'Connor AM , Biggs J , Drake E , Yetisir E , et al. A patient decision aid regarding antithrombotic therapy for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: a randomized controlled trial . JAMA 1999. ; 282 ( 8 ): 737-43 . - PubMed
Marteau 2010 {published data only}
    1. Kellar I , Mann E , Kinmonth AL , Prevost AT , Sutton S , Marteau TM . Can informed choice invitations lead to inequities in intentions to make lifestyle changes among participants in a primary care diabetes screening programme? Evidence from a randomized trial . Public Health 2011. ; 125 ( 9 ): 645-52 . - PubMed
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Mathers 2012 {published data only}
    1. Brown I , Bradley A , Ng CJ , Colwell B , Mathers N . Investigating active ingredients in a complex intervention: a nested study within the Patient and Decision Aids (PANDAs) randomised controlled trial for people with type 2 diabetes . BMC Research Notes 2014. ; 7 : 347 . - PMC - PubMed
    1. Mathers N , Ng CJ , Campbell MJ , Colwell B , Brown I , Bradley A . Clinical effectiveness of a patient decision aid to improve decision quality and glycaemic control in people with diabetes making treatment choices: a cluster randomised controlled trial (PANDAs) in general practice . BMJ Open 2012. ; 2 ( 6 ): 1-12 . - PMC - PubMed
Mathieu 2007 {published data only}
    1. Mathieu E , Barratt A , Davey HM , McGeechan K , Howard K , Houssami N . Informed choice in mammography screening: a randomized trial of a decision aid for 70-year-old women . Archives of Internal Medicine 2007. ; 167 ( 19 ): 2039-46 . - PubMed
Mathieu 2010 {published data only}
    1. Mathieu E , Barratt AL , McGeechan K , Davey HM , Howard K , Houssami N . Helping women make choices about mammography screening: an online randomized trial of a decision aid for 40-year-old women . Patient Education and Counseling 2010. ; 81 ( 1 ): 63-72 . - PubMed
McAlister 2005 {published data only}
    1. McAlister FA , Man-Son-Hing M , Straus SE , Ghali WA , Anderson D , Majumdar SR , et al. Impact of a patient decision aid on care among patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: a cluster randomized trial . CMAJ 2005. ; 173 ( 5 ): 496-501 . - PMC - PubMed
McBride 2002 {published data only}
    1. Bastian LA , McBride CM , Fish L , Lyna P , Farrell D , Lipkus IM , et al. Evaluating participants' use of a hormone replacement therapy decision-making intervention . Patient Education and Counseling 2002. ; 48 ( 3 ): 283-91 . - PubMed
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McCaffery 2010 {published data only}
    1. McCaffery KJ , Irwig L , Turner R , Chan SF , Macaskill P , Lewicka M , et al. Psychosocial outcomes of three triage methods for the management of borderline abnormal cervical smears: an open randomised trial . BMJ 2010. ; 340 : b4491 . - PMC - PubMed
McGrath 2017 {published data only}
    1. McGrath A , Sharpe L , Lah S , Parratt K . Evaluation of a decision aid for women with epilepsy who are considering pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial . Medical Decision Making 2017. ; 37 ( 5 ): 589-99 . [DOI: 10.1177/0272989X17697304 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PubMed
McIlvennan 2018 {published data only}
    1. McIlvennan CK , Matlock DD , Thompson JS , Dunlay SM , Blue L , LaRue SJ , et al. Caregivers of patients considering a destination therapy left ventricular assist device and a shared decision-making intervention: the DECIDE-LVAD trial . JACC. Heart Failure 2018. ; 6 ( 11 ): 904-13 . [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2018.06.019 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PubMed
McLean 2020 {published data only}
    1. McLean D , McBride O , Samardzic T , Sisic M , Dellavalle RP , Tan J . Impact of a hidradenitis suppurativa patient decision aid on treatment decision making: a randomized controlled trial . JAAD International 2020. ; 1 ( 2 ): 190-9 . [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdin.2020.09.001 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Meade 2015 {published data only}
    1. Meade T , Dowswell E , Manolios N , Sharpe L . The motherhood choices decision aid for women with rheumatoid arthritis increases knowledge and reduces decisional conflict: a randomized controlled trial . BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2015. ; 16 : 260 . [DOI: 10.1186/s12891-015-0713-0 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Meier 2019 {published data only}
    1. Meier JD , Chorney JM , Fox SD , Hong P . Decision aid prototype for treatment of pediatric sleep disordered breathing: a randomized pilot study . Laryngoscope 2019. ; 129 ( 1 ): 229-34 . [DOI: 10.1002/lary.27204 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PubMed
Metcalfe 2017 {published data only}
    1. Metcalfe KA , Dennis CL , Poll A , Armel S , Demsky R , Carlsson L , et al. Effect of decision aid for breast cancer prevention on decisional conflict in women with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation: a multisite, randomized, controlled trial . Genetics in Medicine: Official Journal of the American College of Medical Genetics 2017. ; 19 ( 3 ): 330-6 . [DOI: 10.1038/gim.2016.108 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PubMed
Miller 2005 {published data only}
    1. Miller SM , Fleisher L , Roussi P , Buzaglo JS , Schnoll R , Slater E , et al. Facilitating informed decision making about breast cancer risk and genetic counseling among women calling the NCI's Cancer Information Service . Journal of Health Communication 2005. ; 10 ( Suppl 1 ): 119-36 . - PubMed
Miller 2011 {published data only}
    1. Duren-Winfield V , Onsomu EO , Case DL , Pignone M , Miller D . Health literacy and computer-assisted instruction: usability and patient preference . Journal of Health Communication 2015. ; 20 : 491-8 . - PMC - PubMed
    1. Miller D , Spangler J , Case D , Goff D , Singh S , Pignone M . Effectiveness of a web-based colorectal cancer screening patient decision aid: a randomized controlled trial in a mixed-literacy population . American Journal of Preventive Medicine 2011. ; 40 ( 6 ): 608-15 . - PMC - PubMed
Miller 2018 {published data only}
    1. Denizard-Thompson NM , Miller DP , Snavely AC , Spangler JG , Case LD , Weaver KE . Effect of a digital health intervention on decreasing barriers and increasing facilitators for colorectal cancer screening in vulnerable patients . Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention 2020. ; 29 ( 8 ): 1564-9 . [DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-19-1199 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Miller DP Jr, Denizard-Thompson N , Weaver KE , Case LD , Troyer JL , Spangler JG , et al. Effect of a digital health intervention on receipt of colorectal cancer screening in vulnerable patients: a randomized controlled trial . Annals of Internal Medicine 2018. ; 168 ( 8 ): 550-7 . [DOI: 10.7326/M17-2315 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Moin 2019 {published data only}
    1. Moin T , Duru OK , Turk N , Chon JS , Frosch DL , Martin JM , et al. Effectiveness of shared decision-making for diabetes prevention: 12-month results from the prediabetes informed decision and education (PRIDE) trial . Journal of General Internal Medicine 2019. ; 34 ( 11 ): 2652-9 . [DOI: 10.1007/s11606-019-05238-6 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Montgomery 2003 {published and unpublished data}
    1. Emmett CL , Montgomery AA , Peters TJ , Fahey T . Three-year follow-up of a factorial randomised controlled trial of two decision aids for newly diagnosed hypertensive patients . British Journal of General Practice 2005. ; 55 ( 516 ): 551-3 . - PMC - PubMed
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Montgomery 2007 {published data only}
    1. Frost J , Shaw. Women's views on the use of decision aids for decision making about the method of delivery following a previous caesarean section: qualitative interview study . British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2009. ; 116 ( 7 ): 896-905 . - PubMed
    1. Hollinghurst S , Emmett C , Peters TJ , Watson H , Fahey T , Murphy DJ , et al. Economic evaluation of the DIAMOND randomized trial: cost and outcomes of 2 decision aids for mode of delivery among women with previous caesarian section . BMJ 2010. ; 30 : 453-63 . - PubMed
    1. Montgomery AA , Emmett CL , Fahey T , Jones C , Ricketts I , Patel RR , et al. Two decision aids for mode of delivery among women with previous caesarean section: randomised controlled trial . BMJ 2007. ; 334 ( 7607 ): 1305 . - PMC - PubMed
Montori 2011 {published data only}
    1. Montori VM , Shah ND , Pencille LJ , Branda ME , Van Houten HK , Swiglo BA . Use of a decision aid to improve treatment decisions in osteoporosis: the osteoporosis choice randomized trial . American Journal of Medicine 2011. ; 124 ( 6 ): 549-56 . - PubMed
    1. Pencille LJ , Campbell ME , Van Houten HK , Shah ND , Mullan RJ , Swiglo BA , et al. Protocol for the Osteoporosis Choice trial. A pilot randomized trial of a decision aid in primary care practice . Trials 2009. ; 10 : 113 . - PMC - PubMed
Montoya 2019 {published data only}
    1. Montoya TI , Rondeau NU , Maldonado PA , Mallett VT . Decision aid video for treatment selection in latinas with symptomatic pelvic organ prolapse: a randomized pilot study . Female Pelvic Medicine & Reconstructive Surgery 2019. ; 27 ( 1 ): 39-45 . [DOI: 10.1097/SPV.0000000000000727 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PubMed
Morgan 2000 {published and unpublished data}
    1. Morgan MW , Deber RB , Llewellyn-Thomas HA , Gladstone P , Cusimano RJ , O'Rourke K , et al. Randomized, controlled trial of an interactive videodisc decision aid for patients with ischemic heart disease . Journal of General Internal Medicine 2000. ; 15 ( 10 ): 685-93 . - PMC - PubMed
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Mott 2014 {published data only}
    1. Mott JM , Stanley MA , Street RL Jr, Grady RH , Teng EJ . Increasing engagement in evidence-based PTSD treatment through shared decision-making: a pilot study . Military Medicine 2014. ; 179 ( 2 ): 143-9 . - PubMed
Mullan 2009 {published data only}
    1. Mullan RJ , Montori VM , Shah ND , Christianson TJ , Bryant SC , Guyatt GH , et al. The diabetes mellitus medication choice decision aid: a randomized trial . Archives of Internal Medicine 2009. ; 169 ( 17 ): 1560-8 . - PubMed
Murphy 2020 {published data only}
    1. Murphy C , Laine C , Macaulay M , Fader M . Development and randomised controlled trial of a continence product patient decision aid for men postradical prostatectomy . Journal of Clinical Nursing 2020. ; 29 ( 13-4 ): 2251-9 . [DOI: 10.1111/jocn.15223 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PubMed
Murray 2001a {published and unpublished data}
    1. Murray E , Davis H , Tai SS , Coulter A , Gray A , Haines A . Randomised controlled trial of an interactive multimedia decision aid on benign prostatic hypertrophy in primary care . BMJ 2001. ; 323 ( 7311 ): 493-6 . - PMC - PubMed
Murray 2001b {published and unpublished data}
    1. Murray E , Davis H , Tai SS , Coulter A , Gray A , Haines A . Randomized controlled trial of an interactive multimedia decision aid on hormone replacement therapy in primary care . BMJ 2001. ; 323 ( 7311 ): 490-3 . - PMC - PubMed
Nagle 2008 {published data only}
    1. Nagle C , Gunn J , Bell R , Lewis S , Meiser B , Metcalfe S , et al. Use of a decision aid for prenatal testing of fetal abnormalities to improve women's informed decision making: a cluster randomised controlled trial . BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 2008. ; 115 ( 3 ): 339-47 . - PubMed
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Nassar 2007 {published data only}
    1. Nassar N , Roberts CL , Raynes-Greenow CH , Barratt A , Peat B , Decision Aid for Breech Presentation Trial Collaborators . Evaluation of a decision aid for women with breech presentation at term: a randomised controlled trial [ISRCTN14570598] . BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology 2007. ; 114 ( 3 ): 325-33 . - PMC - PubMed
Oakley 2006 {published data only}
    1. Oakley S , Walley T . A pilot study assessing the effectiveness of a decision aid on patient adherence with oral bisphosphonate medication . Pharmaceutical Journal 2006. ; 276 ( 7399 ): 536-8 .
Omaki 2021 {published data only}
    1. Omaki E , Castillo R , McDonald E , Eden K , Davis S , Frattaroli S , et al. A patient decision aid for prescribing pain medication: results from a pilot test in two emergency departments . Patient Education and Counseling 2021. ; 104 ( 6 ): 1304-11 . [DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2020.11.022 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PubMed
Oostendorp 2017 {published data only}
    1. Oostendorp LM , Ottevanger PB , Donders AT , de Wouw AJ , Schoenaker IH , Smilde TJ , et al. Decision aids for second-line palliative chemotherapy: a randomised phase II multicentre trial . BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making 2017. ; 17 ( 1 ): 130 . [DOI: 10.1186/s12911-017-0529-y ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Osaka 2017 {published data only}
    1. Osaka W , Nakayama K . Effect of a decision aid with patient narratives in reducing decisional conflict in choice for surgery among early-stage breast cancer patients: a three-arm randomized controlled trial . Patient Education and Counseling 2017. ; 100 ( 3 ): 550-62 . [DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2016.09.011 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PubMed
Ozanne 2007 {published data only}
    1. Ozanne EM , Annis C , Adduci K , Showstack J , Esserman L . Pilot trial of a computerized decision aid for breast cancer prevention . Breast Journal 2007. ; 13 ( 2 ): 147-54 . - PubMed
Partin 2004 {published and unpublished data}
    1. Partin MR , Nelson D , Flood AB , Friedemann-Sanchez G , Wilt TJ . Who uses decision aids? Subgroup analyses from a randomized controlled effectiveness trial of two prostate cancer screening decision support interventions . Health Expectations 2006. ; 9 ( 3 ): 285-95 . - PMC - PubMed
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Patzer 2018 {published data only}
    1. Patzer RE , McPherson L , Basu M , Mohan S , Wolf M , Chiles M , et al. Effect of the iChoose Kidney decision aid in improving knowledge about treatment options among transplant candidates: a randomized controlled trial . American Journal of Transplantation 2018. ; 18 ( 8 ): 1954-65 . [DOI: 10.1111/ajt.14693 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Perestelo‐Perez 2016 {published data only}
    1. Perestelo-Perez L , Rivero-Santana A , Boronat M , Sanchez-Afonso JA , Perez-Ramos J , Montori VM , et al. Effect of the statin choice encounter decision aid in Spanish patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized trial . Patient Education and Counseling 2016. ; 99 ( 2 ): 295-9 . [DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2015.08.032 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PubMed
Perestelo‐Perez 2017 {published data only}
    1. Perestelo-Perez L , Rivero-Santana A , Sanchez-Afonso JA , Perez-Ramos J , Castellano-Fuentes CL , Sepucha K , et al. Effectiveness of a decision aid for patients with depression: a randomized controlled trial . Health Expectations 2017. ; 20 ( 5 ): 1096-105 . [DOI: 10.1111/hex.12553 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Perestelo‐Perez 2019 {published data only}
    1. Perestelo-Perez L , Rivero-Santana A , Torres-Castano A , Ramos-Garcia V , Alvarez-Perez Y , Gonzalez-Hernandez N , et al. Effectiveness of a decision aid for promoting colorectal cancer screening in Spain: a randomized trial . BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making 2019. ; 19 ( 1 ): 8 . [DOI: 10.1186/s12911-019-0739-6 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Perez‐Lacasta 2019 {published data only}
    1. Pérez-Lacasta MJ , Martínez-Alonso M , Garcia M , Sala M , Perestelo-Pérez L , Vidal C , et al. Effect of information about the benefits and harms of mammography on women's decision making: the InforMa randomised controlled trial . PloS One 2019. ; 14 ( 3 ): e0214057 . [DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214057 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Pignone 2000 {published data only}
    1. Pignone M , Harris R , Kinsinger L . Videotape-based decision aid for colon cancer screening. A randomized, controlled trial . Annals of Internal Medicine 2000. ; 133 ( 10 ): 761-9 . - PubMed
Politi 2020a {published data only}
    1. Politi MC , Lee CN , Philpott-Streiff SE , Foraker RE , Olsen MA , Merrill C , et al. A randomized controlled trial evaluating the BREASTChoice tool for personalized decision support about breast reconstruction after mastectomy . Annals of Surgery 2020. ; 271 ( 2 ): 230-7 . [DOI: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000003444 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PubMed
Protheroe 2007 {published data only}
    1. Patel S , Ngunjiri A , Hee SW , Yang Y , Brown S , Friede T , et al. Primum non nocere: shared informed decision making in low back pain - a pilot cluster randomised trial . BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2014. ; 15 : 282 . - PMC - PubMed
    1. Protheroe J , Bower P , Chew-Graham C , Peters TJ , Fahey T . Effectiveness of a computerized decision aid in primary care on decision making and quality of life in menorrhagia: results of the MENTIP randomized controlled trial . Medical Decision Making 2007. ; 27 ( 5 ): 575-84 . - PubMed
    1. Protheroe J , Bower P , Chew-Graham C . The use of mixed methodology in evaluating complex interventions: identifying patient factors that moderate the effects of a decision aid . Family Practice 2008. ; 24 ( 6 ): 594-600 . - PubMed
Reuland 2017 {published data only}
    1. Brenner AT , Hoffman R , McWilliams A , Pignone MP , Rhyne RL , Tapp H , et al. Colorectal cancer screening in vulnerable patients: promoting informed and shared decisions . American Journal of Preventive Medicine 2016. ; 51 ( 4 ): 454-62 . [DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2016.03.025 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Reuland DS , Brenner AT , Hoffman R , McWilliams A , Rhyne RL , Getrich C , et al. Effect of combined patient decision aid and patient navigation vs usual care for colorectal cancer screening in a vulnerable patient population: a randomized clinical trial . JAMA Internal Medicine 2017. ; 177 ( 7 ): 967-74 . [PMID: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2017.1294 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Rivero‐Santana 2021 {published data only}
    1. Rivero-Santana A , Torrente-Jiménez RS , Perestelo-Pérez L , Torres-Castaño A , Ramos-García V , Bilbao A , et al. Effectiveness of a decision aid for patients with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial . Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2021. ; 29 ( 9 ): 1265-74 . [PMID: 10.1016/j.joca.2021.06.005 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PubMed
Roberto 2020 {published data only}
    1. Roberto A , Colombo C , Candiani G , Satolli R , Giordano L , Jaramillo L , et al. A dynamic web-based decision aid to improve informed choice in organised breast cancer screening. A pragmatic randomised trial in Italy . British Journal of Cancer 2020. ; 123 ( 5 ): 714-21 . [DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-0935-2 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Rubel 2010 {published data only}
    1. Rubel SK , Miller JW , Stephens RL , Xu Y , Scholl LE , Holden EW , et al. Testing the effects of a decision aid for prostate cancer screening . Journal of Health Communication 2010. ; 15 ( 3 ): 307-21 . - PubMed
Ruffin 2007 {published data only}
    1. Ruffin MT , Fetters MD , Jimbo M . Preference-based electronic decision aid to promote colorectal cancer screening: results of a randomized controlled trial . Preventive Medicine 2007. ; 45 ( 4 ): 267-73 . - PubMed
Saunier 2020 {published data only}
    1. Saunier F , Berthelot P , Mottet-Auselo B , Pelissier C , Fontana L , Botelho-Nevers E , et al. Impact of a decision-aid tool on influenza vaccine coverage among HCW in two French hospitals: a cluster-randomized trial . Vaccine 2020. ; 38 ( 36 ): 5759-63 . [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.07.011 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PubMed
Sawka 2012 {published and unpublished data}
    1. Sawka AM , Straus S , Rotstein L , Brierley JD , Tsang RW , Asa S , et al. Randomized controlled trial of a computerized decision aid on adjuvant radioactive iodine treatment for patients with early-stage papillary thyroid cancer . Journal of Clinical Oncology 2012. ; 30 ( 23 ): 2906-11 . - PubMed
Schapira 2019 {published data only}
    1. Schapira MM , Hubbard RA , Seitz HH , Conant EF , Schnall M , Cappella JN , et al. The impact of a risk-based breast cancer screening decision aid on initiation of mammography among younger women: report of a randomized trial . MDM Policy & Practice 2019. ; 4 ( 1 ): 2381468318812889 . [DOI: 10.1177/2381468318812889 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Schonberg 2020 {published data only}
    1. Schonberg MA , Kistler CE , Pinheiro A , Jacobson AR , Aliberti GM , Karamourtopoulos M , et al. Effect of a mammography screening decision aid for women 75 years and older: a cluster randomized clinical trial . JAMA Internal Medicine 2020. ; 180 ( 6 ): 831-42 . [DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.0440 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Schott 2021 {published data only}
    1. Schott SL , Berkowitz J , Dodge SE , Petersen CL , Saunders CH , Sobti NK , et al. Personalized, electronic health record-integrated decision aid for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: a small cluster randomized trial and qualitative analysis of efficacy and acceptability . Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes 2021. ; 14 ( 6 ): e007329 . [DOI: 10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.120.007329 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PubMed
Schroy 2011 {published data only}
    1. Schroy PC 3rd, Emmons K , Peters E , Glick JT , Robinson PA , Lydotes MA , et al. The impact of a novel computer-based decision aid on shared decision making for colorectal cancer screening: a randomized trial . Medical Decision Making 2011. ; 31 ( 1 ): 93-107 . - PMC - PubMed
    1. Schroy PC 3rd, Emmons KM , Peters E , Glick JT , Robinson PA , Lydotes MA , et al. Aid-assisted decision making and colorectal cancer screening: a randomized controlled trial . American Journal of Preventive Medicine 2012. ; 43 ( 6 ): 573-83 . - PMC - PubMed
Schwalm 2012 {published data only}
    1. Schwalm JD , Stacey D , Pericak D , Natarajan MK . Radial artery versus femoral artery access options in coronary angiogram procedures: randomized controlled trial of a patient-decision aid . Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes 2012. ; 5 ( 3 ): 260-6 . - PubMed
Schwartz 2001 {published data only}
    1. Schwartz MD , Benkendorf J , Lerman C , Isaacs C , Ryan-Robertson A , Johnson L . Impact of educational print materials on knowledge, attitudes, and interest in BRCA1/BRCA2: testing among Ashkenazi Jewish women . Cancer 2001. ; 92 ( 4 ): 932-40 . - PubMed
Schwartz 2009a {published data only}
    1. Hooker GW , Leventhal KG , DeMarco T , Peshkin BN , Finch C , Wahl E , et al. Longitudinal changes in patient distress following interactive decision aid use among BRCA1/2 carriers: a randomized trial . Medical Decision Making 2011. ; 31 ( 3 ): 412-21 . - PMC - PubMed
    1. Schwartz MD , Valdimarsdottir HB , DeMarco TA , Peshkin BN , Lawrence W , Rispoli J , et al. Randomized trial of a decision aid for BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation carriers: impact on measures of decision making and satisfaction . Health Psychology 2009. ; 28 ( 1 ): 11-9 . - PMC - PubMed
Sheridan 2006 {published data only}
    1. Sheridan SL , Shadle J , Simpson RJ Jr, Pignone MP . The impact of a decision aid about heart disease prevention on patients' discussions with their doctor and their plans for prevention: a pilot randomized trial . BMC Health Services Research 2006. ; 6 : 121 . - PMC - PubMed
Sheridan 2011 {published data only}
    1. Sheridan SL , Draeger LB , Pignone MP , Keyserling TC , Simpson RJ Jr, Rimer B , et al. A randomized trial of an intervention to improve use and adherence to effective coronary heart disease prevention strategies . BMC Health Services Research 2011. ; 11 : 331 . - PMC - PubMed
    1. Sheridan SL , Draeger LB , Pignone MP , Rimer B , Bangdiwala SI , Cai J , et al. The effect of a decision aid intervention on decision making about coronary heart disease risk reduction: secondary analyses of a randomized trial . BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making 2014. ; 14 ( 14 ): 1-11 . - PMC - PubMed
Shorten 2005 {published and unpublished data}
    1. Shorten A , Shorten B , Keogh J , West S , Morris J . Making choices for childbirth: a randomized controlled trial of a decision-aid for informed birth after cesarean . Birth 2005. ; 32 ( 4 ): 252-61 . - PubMed
Shourie 2013 {published data only}
    1. Shourie S , Jackson C , Cheater FM , Bekker HL , Edlin R , Tubeuf S , et al. A cluster randomised controlled trial of a web based decision aid to support parents' decisions about their child's Measles Mumps and Rubella (MMR) vaccination . Vaccine 2013. ; 31 ( 50 ): 6003-10 . - PMC - PubMed
    1. Tubeuf S , Edlin R , Shourie S , Cheater FM , Bekker H , Jackson C . Cost effectiveness of a web-based decision aid for parents deciding about MMR vaccination: a three-arm cluster randomised controlled trial in primary care . British Journal of General Practice 2014. ; 64 ( 625 ): e493-9 . [DOI: 10.3399/bjgp14X680977 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Singh 2019 {published data only}
    1. Singh JA , Fraenkel L , Green C , Alarcón GS , Barton JL , Saag KG , et al. Individualized decision aid for diverse women with lupus nephritis (IDEA-WON): a randomized controlled trial . PLOS Medicine 2019. ; 16 ( 5 ): e1002800 . [DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002800 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Smallwood 2017 {published data only}
    1. Smallwood AJ , Schapira MM , Fedders M , Neuner JM . A pilot randomized controlled trial of a decision aid with tailored fracture risk tool delivered via a patient portal . Osteoporosis International 2017. ; 28 ( 2 ): 567-76 . [DOI: 10.1007/s00198-016-3767-4 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PubMed
Smith 2010 {published data only}
    1. Smith SK , Barratt A , Trevana L , Simpson JM , Jansen J , McCaffery KJ . A theoretical framework for measuring knowledge in screening decision aid trials . Patient Education and Counseling 2012. ; 89 : 330-6 . - PubMed
    1. Smith SK , Kearney P , Trevena L , Barratt A , Nutbeam D , McCaffery KJ . Informed choice in bowel cancer screening: a qualitative study to explore how adults with lower education use decision aids . Health Expectations 2012. ; 17 : 511-22 . - PMC - PubMed
    1. Smith SK , Simpson JM , Trevena LJ , McCaffery KJ . Factors associated with informed decisions and participation in bowel cancer screening among adults with lower education and literacy . Medical Decision Making 2014. ; 34 ( 6 ): 756-72 . - PubMed
    1. Smith SK , Trevena L , Simpson JM , Barratt A , Nutbeam D , McCaffery KJ . A decision aid to support informed choices about bowel cancer screening among adults with low education: randomised controlled trial . BMJ 2010. ; 341 : c5370 . - PMC - PubMed
Stacey 2014a {published and unpublished data}
    1. Stacey D , Hawker G , Dervin G , Tugwell P , Boland L , Pomey MP , et al. Decision aid for patients considering total knee arthroplasty with preference report for surgeons: a pilot randomized controlled trial . BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2014. ; 15 : 54 . - PMC - PubMed
Stacey 2016 {published data only}
    1. Stacey D , Taljaard M , Dervin G , Tugwell P , O'Connor AM , Pomey MP , et al. Impact of patient decision aids on appropriate and timely access to hip or knee arthroplasty for osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial . Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2016. ; 24 ( 1 ): 99-107 . [DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2015.07.024 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PubMed
    1. Trenaman L , Stacey D , Bryan S , Payne K , Hawker G , Bansback N . Long-term effect of patient decision aids on use of joint replacement and health care costs . Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2020. ; 28 ( 6 ): 819-23 . [DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2020.01.019 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PubMed
Stamm 2017 {published data only}
    1. Stamm AW , Banerji JS , Wolff EM , Slee A , Akapame S , Dahl K , et al. A decision aid versus shared decision making for prostate cancer screening: results of a randomized, controlled trial . Canadian Journal of Urology 2017. ; 24 ( 4 ): 8910-7 . [PMID: ] - PubMed
Steckelberg 2011 {published data only}
    1. Steckelberg A , Hulfenhaus C , Haastert B , Muhlhauser I . Effect of evidence based risk information on "informed choice" in colorectal cancer screening: randomised controlled trial . BMJ 2011. ; 342 : d3193 . - PMC - PubMed
Stephenson 2020 {published data only}
    1. Stephenson J , Bailey JV , Gubijev A , D'Souza P , Oliver S , Blandford A , et al. An interactive website for informed contraception choice: randomised evaluation of Contraception Choices . Digital Health 2020. ; 6 : 2055207620936435 . [DOI: 10.1177/2055207620936435 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Stubenrouch 2022 {published data only}
    1. Stubenrouch FE , Peters LJ , Mik SM , Klemm PL , Peppelenbosch AG , Schreurs SC , et al. Improving shared decision making in vascular surgery: a stepped wedge cluster randomised trial . European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery 2022. ; 64 ( 1 ): 73-81 . [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2022.04.016 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PubMed
Subramanian 2019 {published data only}
    1. Subramanian L , Zhao J , Zee J , Knaus M , Fagerlin A , Perry E , et al. Use of a decision aid for patients considering peritoneal dialysis and in-center hemodialysis: a randomized controlled trial . American Journal of Kidney Diseases: the Official Journal of the National Kidney Foundation 2019. ; 74 ( 3 ): 351-60 . [DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2019.01.030 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PubMed
Taylor 2006 {published data only}
    1. Taylor KL , Davis JL 3rd, Turner RO , Johnson L , Schwartz MD , Kerner JF , et al. Educating African American men about the prostate cancer screening dilemma: a randomized intervention . Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 2006. ; 15 ( 11 ): 2179-88 . - PubMed
Tebb 2021 {published data only}
    1. Tebb KP , Rodriguez F , Pollack LM , Adams S , Rico R , Renteria R , et al. Improving contraceptive use among Latina adolescents: a cluster-randomized controlled trial evaluating an mHealth application, Health-E You/Salud iTu . Contraception 2021. ; 104 ( 3 ): 246-53 . [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2021.03.004 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PubMed
Thomson 2007 {published data only}
    1. Kaner E , Heaven B , Rapley T , Murtagh M , Graham R , Thomson R , et al. Medical communication and technology: a video-based process study of the use of decision aids in primary care consultations . BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making 2007. ; 7 ( 2 ): 1-11 . - PMC - PubMed
    1. Thomson RG , Eccles MP , Steen IN , Greenaway J , Stobbart L , Murtagh MJ , et al. A patient decision aid to support shared decision-making on anti-thrombotic treatment of patients with atrial fibrillation: randomised controlled trial . Quality & Safety in Health Care 2007. ; 16 ( 3 ): 216-23 . - PMC - PubMed
Tilburt 2022 {published data only}
    1. Tilburt JC , Zahrieh D , Pacyna JE , Petereit DG , Kaur JS , Rapkin BD , et al. Decision aids for localized prostate cancer in diverse minority men: primary outcome results from a multicenter cancer care delivery trial (Alliance A191402CD) . Cancer 2022. ; 128 ( 6 ): 1242-51 . [DOI: 10.1002/cncr.34062 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Trevena 2008 {published data only}
    1. Trevena LJ , Irwig L , Barratt A . Randomized trial of a self-administered decision aid for colorectal cancer screening . Journal of Medical Screening 2008. ; 15 ( 2 ): 76-82 . - PubMed
Vandemheen 2009 {published data only}
    1. Vandemheen KL , O'Connor A , Bell SC , Freitag A , Bye P , Jeanneret A , et al. Randomized trial of a decision aid for patients with cystic fibrosis considering lung transplantation . American Journal of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine 2009. ; 180 ( 8 ): 761-8 . - PubMed
van Dijk 2021 {published data only}
    1. Dijk LA , Vervest AM , Baas DC , Poolman RW , Haverkamp D . Decision aids can decrease decisional conflict in patients with hip or knee osteoarthritis: randomized controlled trial . World Journal of Orthopedics 2021. ; 12 ( 12 ): 1026-35 . [DOI: 10.5312/wjo.v12.i12.1026 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Van Peperstraten 2010 {published data only}
    1. Kreuwel I , Peperstraten A , Hulscher M , Kremer J , Grol R , Nelen W , et al. Evaluation of an effective multifaceted implementation strategy for elective single-embryo transfer after in vitro fertilization . Human Reproduction 2013. ; 28 ( 2 ): 336-42 . - PubMed
    1. Van Peperstraten A , Nelen W , Grol R , Zielhuis G , Adang E , Stalmeier P , et al. The effect of a multifaceted empowerment strategy on decision making about the number of embryos transferred in in vitro fertilisation: randomised controlled trial . BMJ 2010. ; 341 : c2501 . - PMC - PubMed
van Tol‐Geerdink 2013 {published data only}
    1. Tol-Geerdink JJ , Leer JW , Wijburg CJ , Oort IM , Vergunst H , Lin EJ , et al. Does a decision aid for prostate cancer affect different aspects of decisional regret, assessed with new regret scales? A randomized, controlled trial . Health Expectations 2016. ; 19 ( 2 ): 459-70 . [DOI: 10.1111/hex.12369 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Tol-Geerdink JJ , Willem Leer J , Weijerman PC , Oort IM , Vergunst H , Lin EN , et al. Choice between prostatectomy and radiotherapy when men are eligible for both: a randomized controlled trial of usual care vs decision aid . BJU International 2013. ; 111 ( 4 ): 564-73 . [DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11402.x ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PubMed
Varelas 2020 {published data only}
    1. Varelas L , Egro FM , Evankovich N , Nguyen V . A randomized controlled trial to assess the use of a virtual decisional aid to improve knowledge and patient satisfaction in women considering breast reconstruction following mastectomy . Curēus 2020. ; 12 ( 12 ): e12018 . [DOI: 10.7759/cureus.12018 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Vigod 2019 {published data only}
    1. Vigod SN , Hussain-Shamsy N , Stewart DE , Grigoriadis S , Metcalfe K , Oberlander TF , et al. A patient decision aid for antidepressant use in pregnancy: pilot randomized controlled trial . Journal of Affective Disorders 2019. ; 251 : 91-9 . [DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.01.051 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PubMed
Vina 2016 {published data only}
    1. Vina ER , Richardson D , Medvedeva E , Kent Kwoh C , Collier A , Ibrahim SA . Does a patient-centered educational intervention affect African American access to knee replacement? A randomized trial . Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 2016. ; 474 ( 8 ): 1755-64 . [DOI: 10.1007/s11999-016-4834-z ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Vodermaier 2009 {published data only}
    1. Vodermaier A , Caspari C , Koehm J , Kahlert S , Ditsch N , Untch M . Contextual factors in shared decision making: a randomised controlled trial in women with a strong suspicion of breast cancer . British Journal of Cancer 2009. ; 100 ( 4 ): 590-7 . - PMC - PubMed
Volk 1999 {published and unpublished data}
    1. Volk RJ , Cass AR , Spann SJ . A randomized controlled trial of shared decision making for prostate cancer screening . Archives of Family Medicine 1999. ; 8 ( 4 ): 333-40 . - PubMed
    1. Volk RJ , Spann SJ , Cass AR , Hawley ST . Patient education for informed decision making about prostate cancer screening: a randomized controlled trial with 1-year follow-up . Annals of Family Medicine 2003. ; 1 ( 1 ): 22-8 . - PMC - PubMed
Volk 2020 {published data only}
    1. Volk RJ , Lowenstein LM , Leal VB , Escoto KH , Cantor SB , Munden RF , et al. Effect of a patient decision aid on lung cancer screening decision-making by persons who smoke: a randomized clinical trial . JAMA Network Open 2020. ; 3 ( 1 ): e1920362 . [DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.20362 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Vuorma 2003 {published data only}
    1. Vuorma S , Rissanen P , Aalto AM , Hurskainen R , Kujansuu E , Teperi J . Impact of patient information booklet on treatment decision - a randomized trial among women with heavy menstruation . Health Expectations 2003. ; 6 ( 4 ): 290-7 . - PMC - PubMed
    1. Vuorma S , Teperi J , Aalto AM , Hurskainen R , Kujansuu E , Rissanen P . A randomized trial among women with heavy menstruation - impact of a decision aid on treatment outcomes and costs . Health Expectations 2004. ; 7 ( 4 ): 327-37 . - PMC - PubMed
Wallace 2021 {published data only}
    1. Wallace BC , Jones J , Masoudi FA , Nowels CT , Varosy P , Thomson R , et al. Development and piloting of four decision aids for implantable cardioverter-defibrillators in different media formats . Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology 2021. ; 44 ( 11 ): 1842-52 . [DOI: 10.1111/pace.14365 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Wang 2021 {published data only}
    1. Wang MM , Loh EW , Chou JF , Sung PM , Chou YY , Lin YK , et al. Influence of shared decision making on decisional conflict and regret in postpartum mother-infant care: a randomized controlled trial . Value in Health: the Journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research 2021. ; 24 ( 9 ): 1335-42 . [DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2021.03.011 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PubMed
Watson 2006 {published data only}
    1. Watson E , Hewitson P , Brett J , Bukach C , Evans R , Edwards A , et al. Informed decision making and prostate specific antigen (PSA) testing for prostate cancer: a randomised controlled trial exploring the impact of a brief patient decision aid on men's knowledge, attitudes and intention to be tested . Patient Education and Counseling 2006. ; 63 ( 3 ): 367-79 . - PubMed
Watts 2015 {published data only}
    1. Watts BV , Schnurr PP , Zayed M , Young-Xu Y , Stender P , Llewellyn-Thomas H . A randomized controlled clinical trial of a patient decision aid for posttraumatic stress disorder . Psychiatric Services: a Journal of the American Psychiatric Association 2015. ; 66 ( 2 ): 149-54 . [DOI: 10.1176/appi.ps.201400062 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PubMed
Weymiller 2007 {published data only}
    1. Jones LA , Weymiller AJ , Shah N , Bryant SC , Christianson TJH , Guyatt GH , et al. Should clinicians deliver decision aids? Further exploration of the statin choice randomized trial results . Medical Decision Making 2009. ; 29 ( 4 ): 468-74 . - PubMed
    1. Nannenga MR , Montori VM , Weymiller AJ , Smith SA , Christianson TJ , Bryant SC , et al. A treatment decision aid may increase patient trust in the diabetes specialist. The Statin Choice randomized trial . Health Expectations 2009. ; 12 ( 1 ): 38-44 . - PMC - PubMed
    1. Weymiller AJ , Montori VM , Jones LA , Gafni A , Guyatt GH , Bryant SC , et al. Helping patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus make treatment decisions: statin choice randomized trial . Archives of Internal Medicine 2007. ; 167 ( 10 ): 1076-82 . - PubMed
Whelan 2003 {published and unpublished data}
    1. Whelan T , Sawka C , Levine M , Gafni A , Reyno L , Willan A , et al. Helping patients make informed choices: a randomized trial of a decision aid for adjuvant chemotherapy in lymph node-negative breast cancer . Journal of the National Cancer Institute 2003. ; 95 ( 8 ): 581-7 . - PubMed
Whelan 2004 {published and unpublished data}
    1. Whelan T , Levine M , Willan A , Gafni A , Sanders K , Mirsky D , et al. Effect of a decision aid on knowledge and treatment decision making for breast cancer surgery: a randomized trial . JAMA 2004. ; 292 ( 4 ): 435-41 . - PubMed
Wilkens 2019 {published data only}
    1. Wilkens SC , Ring D , Teunis T , Lee SP , Chen NC . Decision aid for trapeziometacarpal arthritis: a randomized controlled trial . The Journal of Hand Surgery 2019. ; 44 ( 3 ): 247.e1-9 . [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2018.06.004 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PubMed
Williams 2013 {published and unpublished data}
    1. Williams RM , Davis KM , Luta G , Edmond SN , Dorfman CS , Schwartz MD , et al. Fostering informed decisions: a randomized controlled trial assessing the impact of a decision aid among men registered to undergo mass screening for prostate cancer . Patient Education and Counseling 2013. ; 91 : 329-36 . - PMC - PubMed
Wise 2019 {published data only}
    1. Wise MR , Sadler L , Shorten B , Westhuizen K , Shorten A . Birth choices for women in a 'Positive Birth after Caesarean' clinic: randomised trial of alternative shared decision support strategies . The Australian & New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology 2019. ; 59 ( 5 ): 684-92 . [DOI: 10.1111/ajo.12955 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PubMed
Wolf 1996 {published data only}
    1. Wolf AM , Nasser JF , Wolf AM , Schorling JB . The impact of informed consent on patient interest in prostate-specific antigen screening . Archives of Internal Medicine 1996. ; 156 ( 12 ): 1333-6 . - PubMed
    1. Wolf AM , Schorling JB . Preferences of elderly men for prostate-specific antigen screening and the impact of informed consent . Journals of Gerontology Series A-Biological Sciences & Medical Sciences 1998. ; 53 ( 3 ): M195-200 . - PubMed
Wolf 2000 {published and unpublished data}
    1. Wolf AM , Schorling JB . Does informed consent alter elderly patients' preferences for colorectal cancer screening? Results of a randomized trial . Journal of General Internal Medicine 2000. ; 15 ( 1 ): 24-30 . - PMC - PubMed
Wong 2006 {published data only}
    1. Wong SS , Thornton JG , Gbolade B , Bekker HL . A randomised controlled trial of a decision-aid leaflet to facilitate women's choice between pregnancy termination methods . BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology 2006. ; 113 ( 6 ): 688-94 . - PubMed
Wyld 2021 {published data only}
    1. Wyld L , Reed MW , Collins K , Burton M , Lifford K , Edwards A , et al. Bridging the age gap in breast cancer: cluster randomized trial of the effects of two decision support interventions for older women with operable breast cancer on quality of life, survival, decision quality, and treatment choices . British Journal of Surgery 2021. ; 108 ( 5 ): 499-510 . [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab005 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Ye 2021 {published data only}
    1. Ye G , Qu B , Tham YC , Zhong Y , Jin L , Lamoureux E , et al. A decision aid to facilitate informed choices among cataract patients: a randomized controlled trial . Patient Education and Counseling 2021. ; 104 ( 6 ): 1295-303 . [DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2020.10.036 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PubMed
Zadro 2022 {published data only}
    1. Zadro J , Jones C , Harris I , Buchbinder R , O'Connor DA , McCaffery K , et al. Can a patient decision aid reduce people's intentions to have shoulder surgery . BMJ Open 2022. ; 11 ( 8 ): e054032 . [DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-054032 ] [PMID: ] - DOI - PMC - PubMed

References to studies excluded from this review

Abadie 2009 {published data only}
    1. Abadie R , Weymiller AJ , Tilburt J , Shah ND , Charles C , Gafni A , et al. Clinician's use of the Statin Choice decision aid in patients with diabetes: a videographic study nested in a randomized trial . Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice 2009. ; 15 ( 3 ): 492-7 . - PubMed
Abhyankar 2011 {published data only}
    1. Abhyankar P , Bekker HL , Summers BA , Velikova G . Why values elicitation techniques enable people to make informed decisions about cancer trial participation . Health Expectations 2011. ; 14 ( Suppl 1 ): 20-32 . - PMC - PubMed
Adab 2003 {published data only}
    1. Adab P , Marshall T , Rouse A , Randhawa B , Sangha H , Bhangoo N . Randomised controlled trial of the effect of evidence based information on women's willingness to participate in cervical cancer screening . Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 2003. ; 57 ( 8 ): 589-93 . - PMC - PubMed
Adam 2018 {published data only}
    1. Adam S , Birch PH , Coe RR , Bansback N , Jones AL , Connolly MB , et al. Assessing an interactive online tool to support parents' genomic testing decisions . Journal of Genetic Counseling 2018. ; 28 ( 1 ): 10-7 . - PubMed
Adekpedjou 2020 {published data only}
    1. Adekpedjou R , Stacey D , Brière N , Freitas A , Garvelink MM , Dogba MJ , et al. Engaging caregivers in health-related housing decisions for older adults with cognitive impairment: a cluster randomized trial . Gerontologist 2020. ; 60 ( 5 ): 947-57 . - PMC - PubMed
Akbari 2020 {published data only}
    1. Akbari Z , Mehrabi E , Mirghafourvand M , Nourizadeh R . The effect of decision aid on breast cancer screening behaviors based on theory of stage of change: an interventional study . Crescent Journal of Medical and Biological Sciences 2020. ; 7 ( 3 ): 404-8 .
Alegría 2014 {published data only}
    1. Alegría M , Carson N , Flores M , Li X , Shi P , Lessios AS , et al. Activation, self-management, engagement, and retention in behavioral health care: a randomized clinical trial of the DECIDE intervention . JAMA Psychiatry 2014. ; 71 ( 5 ): 557-65 . - PMC - PubMed
Ali 2020 {published data only}
    1. Ali MK , Chwastiak L , Poongothai S , Emmert-Fees KMF , Patel SA , Anjana RM , et al. Effect of a collaborative care model on depressive symptoms and glycated hemoglobin, blood pressure, and serum cholesterol among patients with depression and diabetes in India: the INDEPENDENT randomized clinical trial . JAMA 2020. ; 324 ( 7 ): 651-62 . - PMC - PubMed
Allen 2016 {published data only}
    1. Allen KD , Sanders LL , Olsen MK , Bowlby L , Katz JN , Mather RC 3rd , et al. Internet versus DVD decision aids for hip and knee osteoarthritis . Musculoskeletal Care 2016. ; 14 ( 2 ): 87-97 . - PubMed
Allen 2022 {published data only}
    1. Allen JD , Porteny T , Kaplan A , Ladin K , Monahan K , Berry DL . Does shared decision-making for prostate cancer screening among African American men happen? It depends on who you ask . Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities 2022. ; 9 ( 4 ): 1225-33 . - PubMed
Almario 2022 {published data only}
    1. Almario CV , Deen WK , Chen M , Gale R , Sidorkiewicz S , Choi SY , et al. Interactive inflammatory bowel disease biologics decision aid does not improve patient outcomes over static education: results from a randomized trial . American Journal of Gastroenterology 2022. ; 117 ( 9 ): 1508-18 . - PMC - PubMed
Al Saffar 2008 {published data only}
    1. Al Saffar N , Abdulkareem A , Abdulhakeem A , Salah AQ , Heba M . Depressed patients' preferences for education about medications by pharmacists in Kuwait . Patient Education and Counseling 2008. ; 72 ( 1 ): 94-101 . - PubMed
AlSagheir 2020 {published data only}
    1. AlSagheir AI , Alrowais NA , Alkhudhair BK , AlYousefi NA , Al Sagheir AI , Ali AM , et al. Comparing the use of Arabic decision aid to usual care. A multicenter randomized controlled trial for Arabic speaking metastatic colorectal cancer patients in Saudi Arabia . Saudi Medical Journal 2020. ; 41 ( 5 ): 499-507 . - PMC - PubMed
Altiner 2007 {published data only}
    1. Altiner A , Brockmann S , Sielk M , Wilm S , Wegscheider K , Abholz HH . Reducing antibiotic prescriptions for acute cough by motivating GPs to change their attitudes to communication and empowering patients: a cluster-randomized intervention study . Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 2007. ; 60 ( 3 ): 638-44 . - PubMed
Anderson 2011 {published data only}
    1. Anderson C , Carter J , Nattress K , Beale P , Philp S , Harrison J , et al. "The booklet helped me not to panic": a pilot of a decision aid for asymptomatic women with ovarian cancer and with rising CA-125 levels . International Journal of Gynecological Cancer 2011. ; 21 ( 4 ): 737-43 . - PubMed
Arimori 2006 {published data only}
    1. Arimori N . Randomized controlled trial of decision aids for women considering prenatal testing: the effect of the Ottawa Personal Decision Guide on decisional conflict . Japan Journal of Nursing Science 2006. ; 3 ( 2 ): 119-30 .
Armstrong 2005 {published data only}
    1. Armstrong K , Weber B , Ubel PA , Peters N , Holmes J , Schwartz JS . Individualized survival curves improve satisfaction with cancer risk management decisions in women with BRCA1/2 mutations . Journal of Clinical Oncology 2005. ; 23 ( 36 ): 9319-28 . - PubMed
Arterburn 2013 {published data only}
    1. Arterburn D , Flum DR , Westbrook EO , Fuller S , Shea M , Bock SN , et al, CROSSROADS Study Team . A population-based, shared decision-making approach to recruit for a randomized trial of bariatric surgery versus lifestyle for type 2 diabetes . Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases 2013. ; 9 ( 6 ): 837-44 . - PMC - PubMed
Au 2011 {published data only}
    1. Au AH , Lam WW , Chan MC , Or AY , Kwong A , Suen D , et al. Development and pilot-testing of a decision aid for use among Chinese women facing breast cancer surgery . Health Expectations 2011. ; 14 ( 4 ): 405-16 . - PMC - PubMed
Bakken 2014 {published data only}
    1. Bakken S , Jia H , Chen ES , Choi J , John RM , Lee NJ , et al. The effect of a mobile health decision support system on diagnosis and management of obesity, tobacco use, and depression in adults and children . The Journal for Nurse Practitioners 2014. ; 10 ( 10 ): 774-80 . - PMC - PubMed
Becker 2009 {published data only}
    1. Becker H , Stuifbergen AK , Dormire SL . The effects of hormone therapy decision support for women with mobility impairments . Health Care for Women International 2009. ; 30 ( 9 ): 845-54 . - PMC - PubMed
Belkora 2012 {published data only}
    1. Belkora J , Stupar L , O'Donnell S , Loucks A , Moore D , Jupiter C , et al. Decision support by telephone: randomized controlled trial in a rural community setting . Patient Education and Counseling 2012. ; 89 ( 1 ): 134-42 . - PubMed
Bellmunt 2010 {published data only}
    1. Bellmunt J , Eisen T , Szczylik C , Mulders P , Porta C . A new patient-focused approach to the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma: establishing customized treatment options . BJU International 2010. ; 107 ( 8 ): 1190-9 . - PubMed
Bennett 2011 {published data only}
    1. Bennett PA . Making the Choice: Cesarean Delivery by Maternal Request versus Planned Vaginal Birth [PhD thesis] . Ann Arbor: : University of Colorado at Denver; , 2011. .
Betz 2020 {published data only}
    1. Betz ME , Knoepke CE , Simpson S , Siry BJ , Clement A , Saunders T , et al. An interactive web-based lethal means safety decision aid for suicidal adults (lock to live): pilot randomized controlled trial . Journal of Medical Internet Research 2020. ; 22 ( 1 ): e16253 . - PMC - PubMed
Betz 2021 {published data only}
    1. Betz ME , Polzer E , Nearing K , Knoepke CE , Johnson RL , Meador L , et al. Feasibility and acceptability of a web-based caregiver decision aid (safety in dementia) for firearm access: pilot randomized controlled trial . JMIR Formative Research 2021. ; 5 ( 9 ): e30990 . - PMC - PubMed
Bhattacharya 2021 {published data only}
    1. Bhattacharya IS , Haviland JS , Turner L , Stobart H , Balasopoulou A , Stones L , et al. Can patient decision aids reduce decisional conflict in a de-escalation of breast radiotherapy clinical trial? The PRIMETIME study within a trial implemented using a cluster stepped-wedge trial design . Trials 2021. ; 22 ( 1 ): 397 . - PMC - PubMed
Bieber 2006 {published data only}
    1. Bieber C , Muller KG , Blumenstiel K , Eich W . Participative decision-making as a measure to improve the doctor-patient interaction with fibromyalgia patients [Partizipative Entscheidungsfindung als Maßnahme zur Verbesserung der Arzt-Patient-Interaktion mit Fibromyalgie-Patientinnen]. Zeitschrift fur Medizinische Psychologie 2006. ; 15 ( 2 ): 53-60 .
    1. Bieber C , Muller KG , Blumenstiel K , Hochlehnert A , Wilke S , Hartmann M , et al. A shared decision-making communication training program for physicians treating fibromyalgia patients: effects of a randomized controlled trial . Journal of Psychosomatic Research 2008. ; 64 ( 1 ): 13-20 . - PubMed
Bombard 2020 {published data only}
    1. Bombard Y , Clausen M , Shickh S , Mighton C , Casalino S , Kim TH , et al. Effectiveness of the Genomics ADvISER decision aid for the selection of secondary findings from genomic sequencing: a randomized clinical trial . Genetics in Medicine 2020. ; 22 ( 4 ): 727-35 . - PMC - PubMed
Boulware 2013 {published data only}
    1. Boulware LE , Hill-Briggs F , Kraus ES , Melancon JK , Falcone B , Ephraim PL , . Effectiveness of educational and social worker interventions to activate patients' discussion and pursuit of preemptive living donor kidney transplantation: a randomized controlled trial . American Journal of Kidney Diseases 2013. ; 61 ( 3 ): 476-86 . - PMC - PubMed
Boulware 2018 {published data only}
    1. Boulware LE , Ephraim PL , Ameling J , Lewis-Boyer L , Rabb H , Greer RC , et al. Effectiveness of informational decision aids and a live donor financial assistance program on pursuit of live kidney transplants in African American hemodialysis patients . BMC Nephrology 2018. ; 19 ( 1 ): 107 . - PMC - PubMed
Branda 2013 {published data only}
    1. Branda ME , LeBlanc A , Shah ND , Tiedje K , Ruud K , Van Houten H , et al. Shared decision making for patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized trial in primary care . BMC Health Services Research 2013. ; 13 ( 301 ): 1-10 . - PMC - PubMed
Brenner 2014 {published data only}
    1. Brenner A , Howard K , Lewis C , Sheridan S , Crutchfield T , Hawley S , et al. Comparing 3 values clarification methods for colorectal cancer screening decision-making: a randomized trial in the US and Australia . Journal of General Internal Medicine 2014. ; 29 ( 3 ): 507-13 . - PMC - PubMed
Breslin 2008 {published data only}
    1. Breslin M , Mullan RJ , Montori VM . The design of a decision aid about diabetes medications for use during the consultation with patients with type 2 diabetes . Patient Education and Counseling 2008. ; 73 ( 3 ): 465-72 . - PubMed
Brown 2004 {published data only}
    1. Brown RF , Butow PN , Sharrock MA , Henman M , Boyle F , Goldstein D , et al. Education and role modelling for clinical decisions with female cancer patients . Health Expectations 2004. ; 7 ( 4 ): 303-16 . - PMC - PubMed
Brundage 2001 {published data only}
    1. Brundage MD , Feldman-Stewart D , Cosby R , Gregg R , Dixon P , Youssef Y , et al. Phase I study of a decision aid for patients with locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer . Journal of Clinical Oncology 2001. ; 19 ( 5 ): 1326-35 . - PubMed
Brunette 2020 {published data only}
    1. Brunette MF , Ferron JC , McGurk SR , Williams JM , Harrington A , Devitt T , et al. Brief, web-based interventions to motivate smokers with schizophrenia: randomized controlled trial . JMIR Mental Health 2020. ; 7 ( 2 ): e16524 . - PMC - PubMed
Buhse 2015 {published data only}
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Campbell 2014 {published data only}
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Christy 2022 {published data only}
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Diefenbach 2012 {published data only}
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    1. Henselmans I , Laarhoven HW , Maarschalkerweerd P , Haes HC , Dijkgraaf MG , Sommeijer DW , et al. Effect of a skills training for oncologists and a patient communication aid on shared decision making about palliative systemic treatment: a randomized clinical trial . Oncologist 2020. ; 25 ( 3 ): e578-88 . - PMC - PubMed
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    1. Hersch J , Barratt A , McGeechan K , Jansen J , Houssami N , Dhillon H , et al. Informing women about overdetection in breast cancer screening: two-year outcomes from a randomized trial . Journal of the National Cancer Institute 2021. ; 113 ( 11 ): 1523-30 . - PMC - PubMed
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Hochlehnert 2006 {published data only}
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    1. Hofbauer GFL , Buhler RPN , French LE , Brockes M , Scheuer E . Patient-centered care in dermatology: an online system that provides accessible and appropriate information to guide patients' decision making . Archives of Dermatology 2008. ; 144 ( 9 ): 1225-7 . - PubMed
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    1. Hoffman RM , Walter LC . Colorectal cancer screening in the elderly: the need for informed decision making . Journal of General Internal Medicine 2009. ; 24 ( 12 ): 1336-7 . - PMC - PubMed
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    1. Hollen PJ , Tyc VL , Donnangelo SF , Shannon SV , O'Laughlen MC , Hinton I , et al. A substance use decision aid for medically at-risk adolescents: results of a randomized controlled trial for cancer-surviving adolescents . Cancer Nursing 2013. ; 36 ( 5 ): 355-67 . - PMC - PubMed
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    1. Holt CL , Wynn TA , Litaker MS , Southward P , Jeames S , Schulz E . A comparison of a spiritually based and non-spiritually based educational intervention for informed decision making for prostate cancer screening among church-attending African-American men . Urologic Nursing 2009. ; 29 ( 4 ): 249-58 . - PMC - PubMed
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Howard 2022 {published data only}
    1. Howard M , Elston D , Borhan S , Hafid A , Arora N , Forbes R , et al. Randomised trial of a serious illness decision aid (Plan Well Guide) for patients and their substitute decision-makers to improve engagement in advance care planning . BMJ Supportive & Palliative Care 2022. ; 12 ( 1 ): 99-106 . - PMC - PubMed
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    1. Hutyra CA , Smiley S , Taylor DC , Orlando LA , Mather RC 3rd. Efficacy of a preference-based decision tool on treatment decisions for a first-time anterior shoulder dislocation: a randomized controlled trial of at-risk patients . Medical Decision Making 2019. ; 39 ( 3 ): 253-63 . - PubMed
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    1. Jessop AB , Bass SB , Brajuha J , Alhajji M , Burke M , Gashat MT , et al. "Take Charge, Get Cured": pilot testing a targeted mHealth treatment decision support tool for methadone patients with hepatitis C virus for acceptability and promise of efficacy . Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 2020. ; 109 : 23-33 . - PubMed
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Kahn 2022 {published data only}
    1. Kahn BJ , Morales-Pico BM , Blalock TW , Zhang C , Stoff BK . Educational video promotes durable knowledge about actinic keratoses in patients with field cancerization: a pseudorandomized, single-blind, controlled pilot study . Journal of Dermatological Treatment 2022. ; 33 ( 1 ): 240-6 . - PubMed
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Kask‐Flight 2021 {published data only}
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Kayler 2020 {published data only}
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Kobewka 2021 {published data only}
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Kripalani 2007 {published data only}
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Kushner 2022 {published data only}
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Lai 2021 {published data only}
    1. Lai CH , DeBaun MR , Van Rysselberghe N , Abrams GD , Kamal RN , Bishop JA , et al. Can upstream patient education improve fracture care in a digital world? Use of a decision aid for the treatment of displaced diaphyseal clavicle fractures . Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma 2021. ; 35 ( 3 ): 160-6 . - PMC - PubMed
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Lancaster 2009 {published data only}
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Langford 2020 {published data only}
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    1. Leung KY , Lee CP , Chan HY , Tang MH , Lam YH , Lee A . Randomised trial comparing an interactive multimedia decision aid with a leaflet and a video to give information about prenatal screening for Down syndrome . Prenatal Diagnosis 2004. ; 24 ( 8 ): 613-8 . - PubMed
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    1. Shirai Y , Fujimori M , Ogawa A , Yamada Y , Nishiwaki Y , Ohtsu A , Uchitomi Y . Patients' perception of the usefulness of a question prompt sheet for advanced cancer patients when deciding the initial treatment: a randomized, controlled trial . Psycho-Oncology 2012. ; 21 ( 7 ): 706-13 . - PubMed
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Wilkins 2006 {published data only}
    1. Wilkins EG , Lowery JC , Copeland LA , Goldfarb SL , Wren PA , Janz NK . Impact of an educational video on patient decision making in early breast cancer treatment . Medical Decision Making 2006. ; 26 ( 6 ): 589-98 . - PubMed
Willemsen 2006 {published data only}
    1. Willemsen MC , Wiebing M , Emst A , Zeeman G . Helping smokers to decide on the use of efficacious smoking cessation methods: a randomized controlled trial of a decision aid . Addiction 2006. ; 101 ( 3 ): 441-9 . - PubMed
Williamson 2014 {published data only}
    1. Williamson LEA , Lawson KL , Downe PJ , Pierson RA . Informed reproductive decision-making: the impact of providing fertility information on fertility knowledge and intentions to delay childbearing . Journals of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada 2014. ; 36 ( 5 ): 400-5 . - PubMed
Williams‐Piehota 2008 {published data only}
    1. Williams-Piehota PA , McCormack LA , Treiman K , Bann CM . Health information styles among participants in a prostate cancer screening informed decision-making intervention . Health Education Research 2008. ; 23 ( 3 ): 440-53 . - PubMed
Wilson 2019 {published data only}
    1. Wilson LS , Blonquist TM , Hong F , Halpenny B , Wolpin S , Chang P , et al. Assigning value to preparation for prostate cancer decision making: a willingness to pay analysis . BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making 2019. ; 19 ( 1 ): 6 . - PMC - PubMed
Wolff 2020 {published data only}
    1. Wolff JC , Garcia A , Kelly LM , Frazier EA , Jones RN , Spirito A . Feasibility of decision rule-based treatment of comorbid youth: a pilot randomized control trial . Behaviour Research and Therapy 2020. ; 131 : 103625 . - PMC - PubMed
Woltmann 2011 {published data only}
    1. Woltmann EM , Wilkniss SM , Teachout A , McHugo GJ , Drake RE . Trial of an electronic decision support system to facilitate shared decision making in community mental health . Psychiatric Services 2011. ; 62 ( 1 ): 54-60 . - PubMed
Wroe 2005 {published data only}
    1. Wroe AL , Turner N , Owens RG . Evaluation of a decision-making aid for parents regarding childhood immunizations . Health Psychology 2005. ; 24 ( 6 ): 539-47 . - PubMed
Yao 2017 {published data only}
    1. Yao K , Belkora J , Bedrosian I , Rosenberg S , Sisco M , Barrera E , et al. Impact of an in-visit decision aid on patient knowledge about contralateral prophylactic mastectomy: a pilot study . Annals of Surgical Oncology 2017. ; 24 ( 1 ): 91-9 . - PubMed
Yee 2014 {published data only}
    1. Yee LM , Wolf M , Mullen R , Bergeron AR , Cooper Bailey S , Levine R , Grobman WA . A randomized trial of a prenatal genetic testing interactive computerized information aid . Prenatal Diagnosis 2014. ; 34 ( 6 ): 552-7 . - PMC - PubMed
Yu 2020 {published data only}
    1. Yu C , Choi D , Bruno BA , Thorpe KE , Straus SE , Cantarutti P , et al. Impact of MyDiabetesPlan, a web-based patient decision aid on decisional conflict, diabetes distress, quality of life, and chronic illness care in patients with diabetes: cluster randomized controlled trial . Journal of Medical Internet Research 2020. ; 22 ( 9 ): e16984 . - PMC - PubMed
Yu 2021 {published data only}
    1. Yu CH , Medleg F , Choi D , Spagnuolo CM , Pinnaduwage L , Straus SE , . Integrating shared decision-making into primary care: lessons learned from a multi-centre feasibility randomized controlled trial . BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making 2021. ; 21 ( 1 ): 323 . - PMC - PubMed
Yun 2011 {published data only}
    1. Yun YH , Lee MK , Park S , Lee JL , Park J , Choi YS , et al. Use of a decision aid to help caregivers discuss terminal disease status with a family member with cancer: a randomized controlled trial . Journal of Clinical Oncology 2011. ; 29 ( 36 ): 4811-9 . - PubMed
Zajac 2012 {published data only}
    1. Zajac LE . Making Difficult Health Decisions: A Motivated Decision Processing Model [PhD thesis] . Pittsburgh: : University of Pittsburgh; , 2012. .
Zapka 2004 {published data only}
    1. Zapka JG , Lemon SC , Puleo E , Estabrook B , Luckmann R , Erban S . Patient education for colon cancer screening: a randomized trial of a video mailed before a physical examination . Annals of Internal Medicine 2004. ; 141 ( 9 ): 683-92 . - PubMed
Zhong 2021 {published data only}
    1. Zhong T , Quong WL , Cheng T , Kerrebijn I , Butler K , Hofer SO , et al. Preconsultation educational group intervention can address the knowledge gap in postmastectomy breast reconstruction . Annals of Plastic Surgery 2021. ; 86 ( 6 ): 695-700 . - PMC - PubMed
Zikmund‐Fisher 2008 {published data only}
    1. Zikmund-Fisher BJ , Ubel PA , Smith DM , Derry HA , McClure JB , Stark A , et al. Communicating side effect risks in a tamoxifen prophylaxis decision aid: the debiasing influence of pictographs . Patient Education and Counseling 2008. ; 73 ( 2 ): 209-14 . - PMC - PubMed
Zoffman 2012 {published data only}
    1. Zoffman V , Kirkevold M . Realizing empowerment in difficult diabetes care: a guided self-determination intervention . Qualitative Health Research 2012. ; 22 ( 1 ): 103-18 . - PubMed

References to ongoing studies

ACTRN12616001665426 {published data only}
    1. ACTRN12616001665426. Navigate: Randomised controlled trial of an online treatment decision aid for men with localised prostate cancer and their partners . https://anzctr.org.au/ACTRN12616001665426.aspx (first received 11 October 2016) .
ACTRN12617001246370 {published data only}
    1. ACTRN12617001246370. Use of an internet-based decision aid (myAID) for ulcerative colitis patients to improve quality of life, empowerment, decision making and disease control [A cluster randomised controlled trial of a decision aid (myAID) for ulcerative colitis patients to enhance patients quality of life, empowerment, quality of decision making and disease control ]. https://anzctr.org.au/ACTRN12617001246370.aspx (first received 19 August 2017) . - PMC - PubMed
ACTRN12618001219279 {published data only}
    1. ACTRN12618001219279. The Optimise Study - randomised trial of the use of a decision aid to improve informed choice regarding the benefits of low-dose aspirin to prevent cardiovascular disease and colorectal cancer . https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=375268 (first received 19 June 2018) .
ACTRN12620001003965 {published data only}
    1. ACTRN12620001003965. Should I Take Aspirin? The SITA Trial, a randomised controlled trial of a decision aid to support informed choices about taking aspirin to prevent bowel cancer for Australians aged 50 to 70 years [Should I Take Aspirin? The SITA Trial: an RCT of a decision aid to support informed choices about taking aspirin to prevent bowel cancer and other chronic diseases]. https://anzctr.org.au/ACTRN12620001003965.aspx (first received 10 August 2020) .
ACTRN12620001032943 {published data only}
    1. ACTRN12620001032943. Comparing different information resources on the process and quality of decision making in women considering elective egg freezing [In women considering egg freezing, what is the effect of a Decision Aid plus information, compared to information alone on the process and quality of decision making]. https://anzctr.org.au/ACTRN12620001032943.aspx (first received 11 August 2020) .
ACTRN12621000515897 {published data only}
    1. ACTRN12621000515897. Evaluating fertility decision aids for younger women with breast cancer [Evaluating the impact of a fertility decision aid developed using health literacy principles, compared to a gold-standard decision aid, on decision-related outcomes in younger women with breast cancer]. https://anzctr.org.au/ACTRN12621000515897.aspx (first received 12 March 2021) .
Al‐Itejawi 2015 {published data only}
    1. Al-Itejawi HH , Uden-Kraan CF , Vis AN , Nieuwenhuijzen JA , Hofstee MJ , Moorselaar RJ , Verdonck-de Leeuw IM . Development of a patient decision aid for the treatment of localised prostate cancer: a participatory design approach . Journal of Clinical Nursing 2016. ; 25 ( 7-8 ): 1131-44 . - PubMed
Aslani 2014a {published data only}
    1. Aslani A , Tara F , Ghalichi L , Eslami S . The impact of computerized decision aid on mode of delivery - a study protocol . Studies in Health Technology and Informatics 2014. ; 200 : 170-2 . - PubMed
Aslani 2014b {published data only}
    1. Aslani A , Tara F , Ghalighi L , Pournik O , Ensing S , Abu-Hanna A , et al. Impact of computer-based pregnancy-induced hypertension and diabetes decision aids on empowering pregnant women . Healthcare Informatics Research 2014. ; 20 ( 4 ): 266-71 . - PMC - PubMed
Bansback 2019 {published data only}
    1. Bansback N , Trenaman L , MacDonald KV , Hawker G , Johnson JA , Stacey D , et al. An individualized patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) based patient decision aid and surgeon report for patients considering total knee arthroplasty: protocol for a pragmatic randomized controlled trial . BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2019. ; 20 ( 1 ): 89 . - PMC - PubMed
Baptista 2020 {published data only}
    1. Baptista S , Heleno B , Teixeira A , Taylor KL , Martins C . Comparison of explicit values clarification method (VCM), implicit VCM and no VCM decision aids for men considering prostate cancer screening: protocol of a randomized trial . BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making 2020. ; 20 ( 1 ): 78 . - PMC - PubMed
Beach 2016 {published data only}
    1. Beach LB , Wild M , Ramachandran G , Ikizler HO , Cavanaugh KL . Protocol of a randomized controlled trial of an erythropoietin stimulating agent decision aid for anemia treatment in kidney disease . BMC Nephrology 2016. ; 17 ( 1 ): 86 . - PMC - PubMed
Benoit 2020 {published data only}
    1. Benoit A , Grynberg M , Morello R , Sermondade N , Grandazzi G , Moutel G . Does a web-based decision aid improve informed choice for fertility preservation in women with breast cancer (DECISIF)? Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial . BMJ Open 2020. ; 10 ( 2 ): e031739 . - PMC - PubMed
Carhuapoma 2021 {published data only}
    1. Carhuapoma LR , Thayer WM , Elmore CE , Gildersleeve J , Singh T , Shaukat F , et al. Employing a mobile health decision aid to improve decision-making for patients with advanced prostate cancer and their decision partners/proxies: the CHAMPION randomized controlled trial study design . Trials 2021. ; 22 ( 1 ): 631 . - PMC - PubMed
Chambers 2008 {published data only}
    1. Chambers SK , Ferguson M , Gardiner RA , Nicol D , Gordon L , Occhipinti S , et al. ProsCan for men: randomised controlled trial of a decision support intervention for men with localised prostate cancer . BMC Cancer 2008. ; 8 : 207 . - PMC - PubMed
Columbo 2019 {published data only}
    1. Columbo JA , Kang R , Spangler EL , Newhall K , Brooke BS , Dosluoglu H , et al. Design of the PReferences for Open Versus Endovascular Repair of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (PROVE-AAA) trial . Annals of Vascular Surgery 2019. ; 8 : 247-53 . - PMC - PubMed
CTRI/2019/06/019610 {published data only}
    1. CTRI/2019/06/019610. Effectiveness of Nursing Intervention Module on knowledge, adherence, complications and quality of life among persons receiving oral anticoagulation therapy . http://www.ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/pmaindet2.php?trialid=34370 (first received 11 June 2019) .
de Molina‐Férnandez 2019 {published data only}
    1. Molina-Férnandez MI , Raigal-Aran L , la Flor-Lopez M , Prata P , Font-Jimenez I , Valls-Fonayet F , et al. The effectiveness of a digital shared decision-making tool in hormonal contraception during clinical assessment: study protocol of a randomized controlled trial in Spain . BMC Public Health 2019. ; 19 ( 1 ): 1224 . - PMC - PubMed
DRKS00014627 {published data only}
    1. DRKS00014627. Evaluation of a patient-oriented decision aid and the German healthcare situation in non-metastatic prostate cancer . http://www.drks.de/DRKS00014627 (first received 12 June 2018) .
DRKS00015823 {published data only}
    1. DRKS00015823. Development and piloting of a decision support tool to support decision making in the context of risk-adapted prevention for patients with pathogenic BRCA1/2 mutations . http://www.drks.de/DRKS00015823 (first received 14 June 2019) .
Geiger 2011 {published data only}
    1. Geiger F , Liethmann K , Hoffmann F , Paschedag J , Kasper J . Investigating a training supporting Shared Decision Making (IT'S SDM 2011): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial . Trials 2011. ; 12 : 232 . - PMC - PubMed
IRCT20191229045933N1 {published data only}
    1. IRCT20191229045933N1. Effect of a patient decision aid to select for myopia correction surgery method [Design, implementation, and evaluation of educational intervention through the patient decision making aid (PDA) to select correction method for patients with myopia]. http://en.irct.ir/trial/44617 (first received 19 March 2021) .
ISRCTN17611852 {published data only}
    1. ISRCTN17611852. The impact of a decision aid on depressed patients' involvement in shared decision-making [The impact of a decision aid on depressed patients' involvement in shared decision-making: a pilot randomized controlled double blind study ]. http://isrctn.com/ISRCTN17611852 (first received 25 November 2014) .
Isselhard 2020 {published data only}
    1. Isselhard A , Topper M , Berger-Hoger B , Steckelberg A , Fischer H , Vitinius F , et al. Implementation and evaluation of a nurse-led decision-coaching program for healthy breast cancer susceptibility gene (BRCA1/2) mutation carriers: a study protocol for the randomized controlled EDCP-BRCA study . Trials 2020. ; 21 ( 1 ): 501 . - PMC - PubMed
JPRN‐UMIN000024811 {published data only}
    1. JPRN-UMIN000024811. An interventional study to examine the effect of shared decision making in a family on intention of HPV vaccination in order to protect Japanese girls from HPV due to the low coverage of the vaccination and excess of mothers' responsibility to make a decision . https://center6.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R0000... (first received 12 November 2016) .
JPRN‐UMIN000032623 {published data only}
    1. JPRN-UMIN000032623. A randomized controlled trial on decision aid to support the stroke with older people in decision making about location of care at recovery rehabilitation ward: efficacy of decision conflict and participation . https://center6.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R0000... (first received 1 October 2019) .
KCT0006945 {published data only}
    1. KCT0006945. Development of health information communication strategy in response to COVID-19 crisis . https://trialsearch.who.int/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=KCT0006945 (first received 20 January 2022) .
Kim 2020 {published data only}
    1. Kim AH , Girgis A , Karimi N , Sechi AJ , Descallar J , Andrews JM , et al. A web-based decision aid (myAID) to enhance quality of life, empowerment, decision making, and disease control for patients with ulcerative colitis: protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial . JMIR Research Protocols 2020. ; 9 ( 7 ): e15994 . - PMC - PubMed
Lange 2021 {published data only}
    1. Lange T , Deckert S , Beyer F , Hahn W , Einhart N , Roessler M , et al. An individualized decision aid for physicians and patients for total knee replacement in osteoarthritis (Value-based TKR study): study protocol for a multi-center, stepped wedge, cluster randomized controlled trial . BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2021. ; 22 ( 1 ): 783 . - PMC - PubMed
Layton 2011 {published data only}
    1. Layton B . Effects of a Web-Based Decision Aid on African American Men's Prostate Screening Knowledge and Behavior [Doctoral Thesis] . Minneapolis (USA) : Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies; , 2011. .
Lin E 2022 {published data only}
    1. Lin E , Uhler LM , Finley EP , Jayakumar P , Rathouz PJ , Bozic KJ , et al. Incorporating patient-reported outcomes into shared decision-making in the management of patients with osteoarthritis of the knee: a hybrid effectiveness-implementation study protocol . BMJ Open 2022. ; 12 ( 2 ): e055933 . - PMC - PubMed
Mann 2012 {published data only}
    1. Mann DM , Lin JJ . Increasing efficacy of primary care-based counseling for diabetes prevention: rationale and design of the ADAPT (Avoiding Diabetes Thru Action Plan Targeting) trial . Implementation Science 2012. ; 7 : 6 . - PMC - PubMed
NCT00813033 {published data only}
    1. NCT00813033. Use of a Patient Decision Aid for Gastrologic Endoscopy in a Pediatric Setting [Creation and Pilot Evaluation of a Patient Decision Aid as an Adjunct to the Consenting Process for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy in a Pediatric Setting]. https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00813033 (first received 19 December 2008) .
NCT01152307 {published data only}
    1. NCT01152307. Measuring quality of decisions about treatment of depression [Measuring quality of decisions about treatment of depression]. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01152307 (first received 22 June 2010) .
NCT01976325 {published data only}
    1. NCT01976325. Evaluating the Ottawa Malaria Decision Aid (OMDA) [Incorporation of the 'Ottawa Malaria Decision Aid' into the pre-travel consultation process: assessment of travelers' knowledge, decisional conflict, preparation for decision-making and medication adherence compared to standard care]. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01976325 (first received 29 October 2013) .
NCT02027545 {published data only}
    1. NCT02027545. Promoting veteran-centered colorectal cancer screening (PROM-IS) . https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT02027545 (first received 18 December 2013) .
NCT02084290 {published data only}
    1. NCT02084290. Evaluating a shared decision making program for Crohn's disease [Evaluating a prediction tool and decision aid for patients with Crohn's disease]. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT02084290 (first received 29 January 2014) .
NCT02107794 {published data only}
    1. NCT02107794. Shared decision making in graves disease - graves disease (GD) choice . https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT02107794 (first received 24 March 2014) .
NCT02145481 {published data only}
    1. NCT02145481. Decisional quality for patients with coronary artery disease (DeQCAD) . clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT02145481 (first received 15 May 2014) .
NCT02259699 {published data only}
    1. NCT02259699. Ovarian cancer patient-centered decision aid (PCOA) [Ovarian cancer patient-centered decision aid]. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT02259699 (first received 15 May 2014) .
NCT02364128 {published data only}
    1. NCT02364128. Improving patient decisions about bariatric surgery . https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT02364128 (first received 22 January 2015) .
NCT02488603 {published data only}
    1. NCT02488603. Decision aids for tamoxifen treatment in breast cancer patients [Utilization of Decision aids for tamoxifen treatment in breast cancer patients: a randomized controlled trial]. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT02488603 (first received 25 June 2015) .
NCT02503553 {published data only}
    1. NCT02503553. Decision aids in cerebral aneurysm treatment . clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT02503553 (first received 17 July 2015) .
NCT02540044 {published data only}
    1. NCT02540044. Supporting Patient care with Electronic Resource (SuPER) (SuPER) [Supporting Patient care with Electronic Resource (SuPER): efficacy of an online decision aid for patients considering biologic therapy for rheumatoid arthritis]. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT02540044 (first received 1 September 2015) .
NCT02611050 {published data only}
    1. NCT02611050. Treatment decisions for multi-vessel CAD [Treatment decisions for multi-vessel coronary artery disease patients]. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT02611050 (first received 9 November 2015) .
NCT02759939 {published data only}
    1. NCT02759939. Right for me: birth control decisions made easier . https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT02759939 (first received 3 February 2016) .
NCT02823262 {published data only}
    1. NCT02823262. A breast cancer treatment decision aid for women aged 70 and older . https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT02823262 (first received 29 June 2016) .
NCT02914197 {published data only}
    1. NCT02914197. Giving information on the risks and limitations of mammography screening (GIRLS) . https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT02914197 (first received 22 September 2016) .
NCT02963584 {published data only}
    1. NCT02963584. Decision aid in chronic total occlusion (CTO) patients [A pilot randomized trial of a decision aid in CTO patients]. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT02963584 (first received 27 October 2016) .
NCT03088397 {published data only}
    1. NCT03088397. Effectiveness of a patient decision aid in immediate postpartum contraceptive counseling . https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT03088397 (first received 7 September 2016) .
NCT03099746 {published data only}
    1. NCT03099746. Decision support among surrogate decision makers of the chronically critically ill (INVOLVE) [A clinical trial of decision support for end of life care among surrogate decision makers of the chronically critically ill ]. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT03099746 (first received 22 February 2017) .
NCT03141437 {published data only}
    1. NCT03141437. Decision aid website in helping to make decisions about fertility in participants with cancer [Patient-centered decision counseling for women at risk of cancer-related infertility: efficacy study and comparative-effectiveness randomized trial]. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT03141437 (first received 3 May 2017) .
NCT03244202 {published data only}
    1. NCT03244202. Evaluation of a decision aid for incidental genomic findings [Randomized controlled trial of a decision aid for incidental genomic findings]. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT03244202 (first received 6 August 2017) .
NCT03282097 {published data only}
    1. NCT03282097. Decisions about cancer screening in Alzheimer's disease . https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT03282097 (first received 11 September 2017) .
NCT03374891 {published data only}
    1. NCT03374891. A multicenter trial of a shared decision support intervention for patients offered implantable cardioverter-defibrillators [DECIDE - ICD: a multicenter trial of a shared decision support intervention for patients offered implantable cardioverter-defibrillators]. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT03374891 (first received 29 November 2017) . - PMC - PubMed
NCT03454022 {published data only}
    1. NCT03454022. Decision-aid for renal therapy pilot trial [Decision-aid for renal therapy pilot trial (DART pilot trial) ]. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT03454022 (first received 16 January 2018) .
NCT03477591 {published data only}
    1. NCT03477591. Evaluating the impact of evidence-based information about PSA testing on prostate cancer screening decisions [McMaster choices study: evaluating the impact of evidence-based information about PSA testing on prostate cancer screening decisions]. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT03477591 (first received 12 March 2018) .
NCT03500952 {published data only}
    1. NCT03500952. Family planning ahead . https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT03500952 (first received 10 April 2018) .
NCT03522740 {published data only}
    1. NCT03522740. Decision aid for renal therapy (DART) [Decision aid for renal therapy: promoting knowledge and autonomy in chronic kidney disease patients and their care-partners]. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT03522740 (first received 1 May 2018) .
NCT03578211 {published data only}
    1. NCT03578211. Impact of decision aids on bariatric surgery choice: a randomized controlled trial . https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT03578211 (first received 25 June 2018) .
NCT03631758 {published data only}
    1. NCT03631758. Evaluating the impact of evidence-based information about mammography on breast cancer screening decisions [McMaster choices study: evaluating the impact of cancer screening patient decision aids on breast cancer screening decisions]. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT03631758 (first received 13 August 2018) .
NCT03766009 {published data only}
    1. NCT03766009. Increasing patients' engagement in breast cancer surgery decision-making [Increasing socioeconomically disadvantaged patients' engagement in breast cancer surgery decision making through a shared decision making intervention]. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT03766009 (first received 30 November 2018) .
NCT03791138 {published data only}
    1. NCT03791138. The impact of a web-based patient decision aid for women considering breast reconstruction [The impact of a web-based decision aid for women considering breast reconstruction: a randomized controlled trial]. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT03791138 (first received 17 December 2018) .
NCT03834532 {published data only}
    1. NCT03834532. Living well after breast surgery . https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT03834532 (first received 28 January 2019) .
NCT03884387 {published data only}
    1. NCT03884387. The use of a patient decision aid in the choice of surgery for herniated disc [The use of a decision aid in the choice of surgery for herniated disc]. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT03884387 (first received 3 January 2019) .
NCT03905369 {published data only}
    1. NCT03905369. Focus on values to stimulate shared decisions [Focus on values to stimulate shared decisions in patients with thyroid cancer: a multifaceted communication booster (COMBO)]. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT03905369 (first received 21 March 2019) .
NCT03921437 {published data only}
    1. NCT03921437. Decision support for the renal replacement therapy with end-stage renal disease [The efficacy of a decision support intervention on reducing conflict and improving satisfaction in making the renal replacement therapy decision among patients with end-stage renal disease]. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT03921437 (first received 16 April 2019) .
NCT03995381 {published data only}
    1. NCT03995381. Using decision aids to reducing decision conflict in angiography patients for choosing hemostasis: a randomized controlled trial . https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT03995381 (first received 21 June 2019) .
NCT04076332 {published data only}
    1. NCT04076332. How "shared decision making decision-aid" help patients with obstructive sleep apnea to choose treatment plan . https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT04076332 (first received 28 June 2019) .
NCT04097717 {published data only}
    1. NCT04097717. "My Decision" tubal sterilization decision support tool [Developing and testing a decision support tool for women making tubal sterilization decisions]. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT04097717 (first received 19 September 2019) .
NCT04101409 {published data only}
    1. NCT04101409. Impact of shared decision-making with decision aids on acoustic neuroma treatment choice: a randomized controlled trial . https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT04101409 (first received 23 January 2019) .
NCT04103931 {published data only}
    1. NCT04103931. Impact of a patient decision aid for treatment of aortic stenosis [Pilot randomized trial of decision aid for treatment of aortic stenosis]. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT04103931 (first received 24 September 2019) .
NCT04122989 {published data only}
    1. NCT04122989. Validation of a shared decision-making tool for multiple sclerosis [Validation of a shared decision-making tool, ms-support, to improve decisions about disease modifying therapies (DMT) for multiple sclerosis]. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT04122989 (first received 8 October 2019) .
NCT04175366 {published data only}
    1. NCT04175366. Shared decision making in psychiatric inpatient care [Shared decision making in psychiatric inpatient care to enhance patient participation]. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT04175366 (first received 14 November 2019) .
NCT04177628 {published data only}
    1. NCT04177628. Shared decision making with breast cancer patients [Shared decision making with breast cancer patients offered adjuvant radiotherapy]. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT04177628 (first received 20 November 2019) .
NCT04240717 {published data only}
    1. NCT04240717. Shared decision making on immunotherapy in oncology [Shared decision making on immunotherapy in oncology - prospective, randomized, controlled trial]. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT04240717 (first received 23 December 2019) .
NCT04241978 {published data only}
    1. NCT04241978. Development and evaluation of a web based decision aid for patients with hip osteoarthritis [The effectiveness of a web-based decision aid for patients with hip osteoarthritis: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial ]. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT04241978 (first received 22 January 2020) .
NCT04260737 {published data only}
    1. NCT04260737. Interactive decision aid for men diagnosed with prostate cancer [Developing and testing an interactive decision aid for newly diagnosed prostate cancer patients]. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT04260737 (first received 8 January 2020) .
NCT04270630 {published data only}
    1. NCT04270630. A pilot proof of concept, randomized controlled, single-center study of a decision aid tool for older patients considering LHC as treatment for NSTEMI [A pilot proof of concept, randomized controlled, single-center study of a decision aid tool for older patients (age ≥75) considering left heart catheterization as treatment for non-st elevation myocardial infarction]. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT04270630 (first received 13 February 2020) .
NCT04272177 {published data only}
    1. NCT04272177. Influence of shared-decision making in reducing decision conflict on the choice of awakening agent after general anesthesia [Influence of shared-decision making in reducing decision conflict on the choice of awakening agent after general anesthesia: a multicenter randomized controlled trial]. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT04272177 (first received 13 February 2020) .
NCT04291040 {published data only}
    1. NCT04291040. Use of an educational multimedia tool versus routine care for the uptake of postpartum LARC in high-risk pregnancies (SUSTAIN) . https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04291040 (first received 27 February 2020) .
NCT04357288 {published data only}
    1. NCT04357288. Randomized evaluation of decision support interventions for atrial fibrillation . https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT04357288 (first received 13 April 2020) .
NCT04364958 {published data only}
    1. NCT04364958. Decision aid for patients with generalized anxiety disorder: protocol for a randomized controlled trial [The effectiveness of a web-based decision aid for patients with generalized anxiety disorder: protocol for a randomized controlled trial]. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT04364958 (first received 24 April 2020) .
NCT04373590 {published data only}
    1. NCT04373590. Decision-making and decision support among emerging adults with first episode psychosis [Mental healthcare decision-making and decision support among emerging adults enrolled in coordinated specialty care for early psychosis]. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT04373590 (first received 29 April 2020) .
NCT04378816 {published data only}
    1. NCT04378816. A Patient-centered Continuous and Interdisciplinary Shared Decision Making Approach for Breast Cancer Rehabilitation . https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04378816 (first received 5 May 2020) .
NCT04397016 {published data only}
    1. NCT04397016. Cost talk: discussing cancer care costs [Cost talk: a randomized stepped wedge trial of interventions helping patients discuss cancer care costs with clinicians during shared decision making]. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT04397016 (first received 11 May 2020) .
NCT04410029 {published data only}
    1. NCT04410029. Evaluation of a decision aid for early pregnancy loss [Evaluation of a decision aid for early pregnancy loss: a pilot RCT study]. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT04410029 (first received 18 May 2020) .
NCT04437069 {published data only}
    1. NCT04437069. Improving patient and family health using family-centered outcomes and shared decision-making . https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT04437069 (first received 29 May 2020) .
NCT04496739 {published data only}
    1. NCT04496739. Making informed choices on incorporating chemoprevention into care (MiCHOICE) [Cluster randomized controlled trial of patient and provider decision support to increase chemoprevention informed choice among women with atypical hyperplasia or lobular carcinoma in situ - making informed choices on incorporating chemoprevention into care (MiChoice) ]. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT04496739 (first received 29 July 2020) .
NCT04504084 {published data only}
    1. NCT04504084. Influence of patient decision-making aids for patients with unilateral ureteral stone: a randomized-controlled trial . https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT04504084 (first received 5 August 2020) .
NCT04548531 {published data only}
    1. NCT04548531. Engaging patients in colon cancer screening decisions during COVID-19 . https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04548531 (first received 9 September 2020) .
NCT04549571 {published data only}
    1. NCT04549571. Improving patient-centered communication in breast cancer through patient and provider interventions . https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04549571 (first received 9 September 2020) .
NCT04584294 {published data only}
    1. NCT04584294. Patient-centered reproductive decision support tool for women veterans [MyPath: a patient-centered web-based intervention to improve reproductive planning for women veterans]. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT04584294 (first received 5 October 2020) .
NCT04621760 {published data only}
    1. NCT04621760. The OPENS trial: offering women PrEP (Aim 1) [Offering women PrEP with education and shared decision-making ]. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT04621760 (first received 9 October 2020) .
NCT04692987 {published data only}
    1. NCT04692987. Effectiveness of decision-aid video on colorectal cancer screening [Effectiveness of decision-aid video on colorectal cancer screening in primary healthcare setting: a randomized controlled trial ]. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT04692987 (first received 22 December 2020) .
NCT04725565 {published data only}
    1. NCT04725565. Genetics adviser: evaluating a digital decision support tool for genetic results . https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT04725565 (first received 13 January 2021) .
NCT04741503 {published data only}
    1. NCT04741503. Project Insight: feasibility of a breast cancer screening decision support tool . https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT04741503 (first received 25 January 2021) .
NCT04748380 {published data only}
    1. NCT04748380. Shared decision-making and colorectal cancer screening . https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04748380 (first received 10 February 2021) .
NCT04805554 {published data only}
    1. NCT04805554. Incorporating patient-reported outcomes into shared decision making with patients with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee . https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04805554 (first received 15 March 2021) .
NCT04837053 {published data only}
    1. NCT04837053. Implementation of indication criteria for total knee replacement in osteoarthritis (Value-based TKR) . https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04837053 (first received 22 February 2021) .
NCT04858282 {published data only}
    1. NCT04858282. Application-enabled shared decision-making . https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT04858282 (first received 16 April 2021) .
NCT04869917 {published data only}
    1. NCT04869917. Behavioral nudges for diabetes prevention (BEGIN) trial in primary care . https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04869917 (first received 28 April 2021) .
NCT04879745 {published data only}
    1. NCT04879745. MyVoice:Rheum decision aid for women with rheumatic diseases [A pilot study of the MyVoice:Rheum decision aid to address the reproductive health needs of women with rheumatic diseases]. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT04879745 (first received 4 May 2021) .
NCT04919941 {published data only}
    1. NCT04919941. A pilot study of a guide to conservative care . https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT04919941 (first received 28 May 2021) .
NCT04940936 {published data only}
    1. NCT04940936. Shared decision making on radiation dose for lung malignancies . https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04940936 (first received 11 June 2021) .
NCT04946279 {published data only}
    1. NCT04946279. Decision aid for the improvement of decision-making in patients with non-small cell lung cancer [Improving decision-making encounters in lung cancer (I DECide): a low-literacy conversation tool]. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT04946279 (first received 23 June 2021) .
NCT04948983 {published data only}
    1. NCT04948983. The effect of a patient decision aids for breast cancer screening [Patient decision aids for women facing the decision of breast cancer screening in the public health sector]. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT04948983 (first received 7 June 2021) .
NCT04956978 {published data only}
    1. NCT04956978. Shared decision making to address racial disparities in oral anticoagulation in NVAF [Shared decision making to address racial disparities in oral anticoagulation use in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation ]. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT04956978 (first received 25 June 2021) .
NCT05033067 {published data only}
    1. NCT05033067. The personal patient profile decision support for patients with bladder cancer . https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT05033067 (first received 27 August 2021) .
NCT05091944 {published data only}
    1. NCT05091944. An interactive web-based birth decision aid for shared decision making [An interactive web-based decision aid for shared decision making: birth choice after cesarean in Taiwan]. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT05091944 (first received 14 September 2021) .
NCT05130580 {published data only}
    1. NCT05130580. Patient-specific decision aid system for shared decision making about breast reconstruction [Evaluation of a patient-specific decision aid system for shared decision-making about breast reconstruction ]. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT05130580 (first received 9 September 2021) .
NCT05135156 {published data only}
    1. NCT05135156. Lung transplant READY pilot study [Lung transplant resources for education and decision-making for your cystic fibrosis (READY): a pilot randomized controlled trial ]. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT05135156 (first received 22 November 2021) .
NCT05177783 {published data only}
    1. NCT05177783. Contraception decision aid use and patient outcomes . https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT05177783 (first received 10 December 2021) .
NCT05182008 {published data only}
    1. NCT05182008. A patient decision aid for method of early abortion: a randomized control trial . https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT05182008 (first received 12 December 2021) .
NCT05219786 {published data only}
    1. NCT05219786. Online field test of an appendicitis decision support tool . https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT05219786 (first received 8 November 2021) .
NL7939 {published data only}
    1. NL7939. Decision aid for breast reconstruction after mastectomy: a randomized controlled trial . https://trialsearch.who.int/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=NL7939 (first received 6 August 2019) .
NL9666 {published data only}
    1. NL9666. RCT for evaluation of a personalized online decision aid for colorectal cancer screening participation [Development and evaluation of a personalized online decision aid for colorectal cancer screening participation: a randomized controlled trial ]. https://trialsearch.who.int/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=NL9666 (first received 9 August 2021) .
NTR4435 {published data only}
    1. NTR4435. Improving patient involvement in the decision for joint replacement surgery, using decision aids . https://trialsearch.who.int/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=NTR4435 (first received 2 February 2014) .
NTR5467 {published data only}
    1. NTR5467. Decision-support for couples with hereditary cancer and child wish: weighing pros and cons of reproductive options regarding transmission of gene mutations . https://trialsearch.who.int/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=NTR5467 (first received 21 October 2015) .
NTR5785 {published data only}
    1. NTR5785. Effect of a decision aid about postoperative epidural analgesia on patients' knowledge: a randomized controlled trial . https://trialsearch.who.int/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=NTR5785 (first received 17 February 2016) .
NTR6070 {published data only}
    1. NTR6070. Study on shared decision making in choosing a treatment for pelvic organ prolapse [Shared decision making in pelvic organ prolapse - a cluster randomized controlled trial on use of the decision aid]. https://trialsearch.who.int/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=NTR6070 (first received 30 October 2016) .
NTR6379 {published data only}
    1. NTR6379. Shared decision making in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer . https://trialsearch.who.int/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=NTR6379 (first received 20 April 2017) .
O'Connor 2019 {published data only}
    1. O'Connor D , Hoffmann T , McCaffery K , Maher C , Harris I , Glasziou P , et al. Evaluating a patient decision aid for people with degenerative knee disease considering arthroscopic surgery: protocol for a randomised controlled trial . BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine 2019. ; 24 : A48 .
Patzer 2019 {published data only}
    1. Patzer RE , McPherson L , Redmond N , DuBay D , Zayas C , Hartmann E , et al. A culturally sensitive web-based intervention to improve living donor kidney transplant among African Americans . Kidney International Reports 2019. ; 4 ( 9 ): 1285-95 . - PMC - PubMed
Rahn 2021 {published data only}
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Rieckert 2019 {published data only}
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Schoenfeld 2021 {published data only}
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