Neuromorphic Engineering in Wetware: Discriminating Acoustic Frequencies through Their Effects on Chemical Waves

Abstract

Some features of the human nervous system can be mimicked not only through software or hardware but also through liquid solutions of chemical systems maintained under out-of-equilibrium conditions. We describe the possibility of exploiting a thin layer of the Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction as a surrogate for the cochlea for sensing acoustic frequencies. Experiments and simulations demonstrate that, as in the human ear where the cochlea transduces the mechanical energy of the acoustic frequencies into the electrochemical energy of neural action potentials and the basilar membrane originates topographic representations of sounds, our bioinspired chemoacoustic system, based on the BZ reaction, gives rise to spatiotemporal patterns as the representation of distinct acoustic bands through transduction of mechanical energy into chemical energy. Acoustic frequencies in the range 10-2000 Hz are partitioned into seven distinct bands based on three attributes of the emerging spatiotemporal patterns: (1) the types and frequencies of the chemical waves, (2) their velocities, and (3) the Faraday waves' wavelengths.