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. 2024 Feb 1;79(2):gbad173.
doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbad173.

Longitudinal Associations Between Multimorbidities and Patient-Reported Quality of Life

Eileen K Graham  1 , Olivia E Atherton  2 , Daniel K Mroczek  1   3 , Chloe McGhee  4 , Lily Pieramici  3 , Marquita Lewis-Thames  1 , Laura Curtis  5 , David Cella  1 , Lauren Opsasnick  5 , Rebecca Lovett  5   6 , Rachel O'Conor  5 , Michael S Wolf  1   5
Affiliations

Longitudinal Associations Between Multimorbidities and Patient-Reported Quality of Life

Eileen K Graham et al. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. .

Abstract

Objectives: The global prevalence of multimorbidity is increasing as the population ages. As individuals get older, they are likely to develop multiple chronic conditions, and nearly two-thirds of older adults in the United States are estimated to experience 2 or more chronic conditions. The present preregistered study examined whether multimorbidity was associated with longitudinal changes in health-related quality of life (i.e., anxiety, depression, and physical function) and whether these associations were moderated by sociodemographic factors (i.e., sex, race, marital status, income, insurance, and education).

Methods: Data come from the Health Literacy and Cognitive Function Among Older Adults Longitudinal Study (LitCog), a prospective cohort study of English-speaking older adults (N = 900). At each measurement occasion, participants reported anxiety, depression, and physical function using the Patient Reported Outcomes Information System, chronic conditions, and sociodemographic characteristics. We employed multilevel growth models to estimate changes in health-related quality of life, with multimorbidities as a predictor and sociodemographics as covariates.

Results: Results indicated that individuals with multiple chronic conditions reported persistently high levels of anxiety and depression, and worse physical function. We found evidence for racial health disparities, such that individuals who identified as non-White experienced worse health-related quality of life as multimorbidities increased, relative to White participants.

Discussion: These results contribute to the current conversation about the long-term impacts of structural and systemic barriers experienced by minoritized groups. We further discuss the public health implications of multimorbidity in older adulthood.

Keywords: Anxiety; chronic conditions; depression; patient-reported outcomes; physical function.

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Conflict of interest statement

None.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Consort diagram of participant selection for the LitCog Study.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Associations between multimorbidities and anxiety, depression, and physical function, moderated by race.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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