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Review
. 2024 Mar;65(3):239-247.
doi: 10.1007/s00108-024-01663-w. Epub 2024 Jan 31.

[Precision medicine enhances personalized medicine in cardiology]

[Article in German]
Affiliations
Review

[Precision medicine enhances personalized medicine in cardiology]

[Article in German]
G Hasenfuß et al. Inn Med (Heidelb). 2024 Mar.

Abstract

Personalized medicine and precision medicine, frequently used synonymously, shall be clearly differentiated. Accordingly, personalization in cardiac medicine is based on the clinical presentation of a patient, as well as his/her cardiovascular risk factors and comorbidities, electrocardiography, imaging, and biomarkers for myocardial load and ischemia. Personalization is based on large clinical trials with detailed subgroup analyses and is practiced on the basis of guidelines. Further in depth personalization is achieved by precision medicine, which is based on innovative imaging for myocardial structure, coronary morphology, and electrophysiology. From the clinical perspective, genome analyses are relevant for comparatively rare monogenetic cardiovascular diseases. While these as well as transcriptome and metabolome analyses play a significant role in cardiovascular research with great translation potential, they have not yet been broadly introduced in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of complex cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, digital technologies have considerable potential in cardiovascular precision medicine. On the one hand, this is based on the frequency of the diseases with the availability of Big Data and, on the other hand, on the availability of bio-signals and sensors of those signals in cardiovascular diseases.

Die Begriffe personalisierte Medizin und Präzisionsmedizin, häufig synonym verwendet, sollen hier klar differenziert werden. Danach basiert Personalisierung in der Herzmedizin auf der klinischen Präsentation des individuellen Patienten, den kardiovaskulären Risikofaktoren und Komorbiditäten, der Elektrokardiographie, der Bildgebung sowie auf Biomarkern für myokardiale Last und Ischämie. Die Personalisierung beruht auf großen klinischen Studien mit detaillierten Subgruppenanalysen, sie erfolgt leitlinienbasiert. Vertieft wird sie durch Präzisionsmedizin auf der Basis innovativer Bildgebung zur Darstellung der Myokardstruktur, Koronarmorphologie und elektrischen Aktivität. Abgesehen von wenigen monogenetischen Erkrankungen spielen Genomanalysen bei den in der Regel komplexen kardialen Erkrankungen klinisch bisher eine untergeordnete Rolle. Experimentell ergeben sich durch Genom-, Transkriptom- und Metabolomanalysen aber zahlreiche spannende Ansätze. Darüber hinaus haben digitale Technologien ein großes Potenzial für die kardiologische Präzisionsmedizin. Dieses beruht einerseits auf der Häufigkeit der Erkrankungen und damit den großen vorhandenen Datenmengen (Big Data) und andererseits auf der großen Anzahl von durch Sensoren messbaren Biosignalen im Herz-Kreislauf-System.

Keywords: Artificial intelligence; Cardiac imaging; Digital technology/cardiology; Hemodynamics; Omics.

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References

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