Wide angle anapole excitation in stacked resonators

Abstract

In the search for resonances with high localized field strengths in all-dielectric nanophotonics, novel states such as anapoles, hybrid anapoles and bound states in the continuum have been realized. Of these, the anapoles are the most readily achievable. Interaction between vertically stacked disks supporting anapole resonances increases the field localization further. When fabricated from materials with high non-linear coefficients, such stacked disk pillars can be used as non-linear antennas. The excitation of such 3D pillars often includes off normal incidence when using focusing optics. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the angular and polarization response of such pillars. In the paper we fabricate pillars with three AlGaAs disks in a stack separated by stems of GaAs. The angular and polarization responses are evaluated experimentally with integrating sphere measurements and numerically through simulation, multipole decomposition and quasi-normal modes. We find that the stacked geometry shows hybridized anapole excitation for a broad span of incidence angles, with tunability of the individual multipolar response up to octupoles, including an electric octupole anapole, and we show how the average enhanced confined energy varies under angled excitation. The results show that the vertical stacked geometry can be used with highly focusing optics for efficient in-coupling to the hybridized anapole.