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. 2024 Feb 2;94(2):133-140.
doi: 10.24875/ACM.23000090.

[Etiology and evolution of anemia in patients submitted to cardiovascular surgery]

[Article in Spanish]
Gonzalo M Fernández-Villar  1 , Mauricio Delgado-Gaete  1 , Marco A Borja-Yenchong  1 , Emiliano Rossi  1 , Elsa M Nucifora  2 , Vadim Kotowicz  3 , Rodolfo Pizarro  1
Affiliations

[Etiology and evolution of anemia in patients submitted to cardiovascular surgery]

[Article in Spanish]
Gonzalo M Fernández-Villar et al. Arch Cardiol Mex. .

Abstract
in English, Spanish

Introduction: Anemia is associated with increased mortality in patients undergoing major surgeries.

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of anemia in the preoperative period of cardiovascular surgery, its postoperative incidence and its evolution during the first month in our setting.

Methods: A prospective cohort study was carried out in which all patients undergoing central cardiovascular surgery operated during the period 09/01/2021-09/01/2022 in a university hospital were included. Clinical and laboratory follow-up was carried out prior to surgery, on the fifth and on the 30th postoperative day. Groups with and without preoperative anemia were compared.

Results: The prevalence of anemia in the preoperative period was 32.1%. The incidence of anemia in the postoperative period was 96% in the group of patients without previous anemia. One month after surgery, 73 and 90% of the patients, with and without preoperative anemia, respectively, remained anemic. Patients with preoperative anemia had less recovery of their hemoglobin values at one month. A trend towards higher mortality and a greater need for referral to post-hospital discharge rehabilitation centers was observed in those with preoperative anemia.

Conclusions: In this work, a high prevalence and incidence of anemia in the perioperative period of cardiovascular surgeries was evidenced. As well as its subtreatment and high persistence during the month after surgery.

Introducción: La anemia se asocia a un aumento de la mortalidad en pacientes sometidos a cirugías mayores.

Objetivo: El objetivo del presente estudio es evaluar en nuestro medio la prevalencia de anemia en el preoperatorio de la cirugía cardiovascular, su incidencia postoperatoria y su evolución durante el primer mes.

Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de cohorte prospectivo en el que se incluyeron todos los pacientes sometidos a cirugía cardiovascular central intervenidos durante el periodo del 01/09/2021 al 01/09/2022 en un hospital universitario. Se realizó seguimiento clínico y de laboratorio previo a la cirugía, al quinto y al día treinta del postoperatorio. Se comparó a los grupos con y sin anemia preoperatoria.

Resultados: La prevalencia de anemia en el preoperatorio fue del 32.1%. La incidencia de anemia en el postoperatorio fue del 96% en el grupo de pacientes sin anemia previa. Al mes de la cirugía un 73 y un 90% de los pacientes, con y sin anemia preoperatoria respectivamente, persistían anémicos. Los pacientes con anemia preoperatoria tuvieron una menor recuperación de sus valores de hemoglobina al mes. Se observó una tendencia a mayor mortalidad y una mayor necesidad de derivación a centros de rehabilitación postegreso hospitalario en aquellos con anemia preoperatoria.

Conclusiones: En este trabajo se evidenció una alta prevalencia e incidencia de anemia en el perioperatorio de las cirugías cardiovasculares. Así como su subtratamiento y elevada persistencia durante el mes posterior a la cirugía.

Keywords: Anemia; Cardiology critical care; Cardiovascular surgery; Iron deficiency.

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Conflict of interest statement

Los autores declaran no tener conflicto de intereses.

References

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