Burden of cardiometabolic disorders and lifetime risk of new-onset atrial fibrillation among men and women: the Rotterdam Study

Abstract

Aims: To examine the association between the burden of cardiometabolic disorders with new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) and lifetime risk of AF incidence among men and women.

Methods and results: Four thousand one hundred and one men and 5421 women free of AF at baseline (1996-2008) from the population-based Rotterdam Study were included. Sex-specific Cox proportional-hazards regression models were used to assess the association between the burden of cardiometabolic disorders and risk of new-onset AF. The remaining lifetime risk for AF was estimated at index ages of 55, 65, and 75 years up to age 108. Mean age at baseline was 65.5 ± 9.4 years. Median follow-up time was 12.8 years. In the fully adjusted model, a stronger association was found between a larger burden of cardiometabolic disorders and incident AF among women [hazard ratio (HR): 1.33% and 95% conference interval (CI): 1.22-1.46], compared to men [1.18 (1.08-1.29)] (P for sex-interaction <0.05). The lifetime risk for AF significantly increased with the number of cardiometabolic disorders among both sexes. At an index age of 55 years, the lifetime risks (95% CIs) for AF were 27.1% (20.8-33.4), 26.5% (22.8-30.5), 29.9% (26.7-33.2), 30.8% (25.7-35.8), and 33.3% (23.1-43.6) among men, for 0, 1, 2, 3, and ≥4 comorbid cardiometabolic disorders. Corresponding risks were 15.8% (10.5-21.2), 23.0% (19.8-26.2), 29.7% (26.8-32.6), 26.2% (20.8-31.6), and 34.2% (17.3-51.1) among women.

Conclusion: We observed a significant combined impact of cardiometabolic disorders on AF risk, in particular among women. Participants with cardiometabolic multimorbidity had a significantly higher lifetime risk of AF, especially at a young index age.

Keywords: Atrial fibrillation; Cardiometabolic disorders; Lifetime risk; Population-based study; Sex difference.