Affiliations

• ¹ Wallenberg Initiative Materials Science for Sustainability.
• ² Thin Film Physics Division, Department of Physics, IFM, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
• ³ Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, Stockholm, Sweden.
• ⁴ Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
• ⁵ Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Division of Materials Science, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden.
• ⁶ H2 Green Steel, Stockholm, Sweden.
• ⁷ Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
• ⁸ The Organic Photonics and Electronics Group, Department of Physics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
• ⁹ Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
• ¹⁰ Applied Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
• ¹¹ Sandvik AB, Stockholm, Sweden.
• ¹² NanoLund Center for Nanoscience, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
• ¹³ Department of Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
• ¹⁴ Materials Science Research, Department of Engineering and Physics, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden.
• ¹⁵ Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
• ¹⁶ Condensed Matter Physics of Energy Materials, Division of X-ray Photon Science, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
• ¹⁷ Materials Design Division, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
• ¹⁸ Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
• ¹⁹ KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
• ²⁰ Swedish Association of Engineering Industries, Stockholm, Sweden.
• ²¹ Centre for Analysis and Synthesis and NanoLund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
• ²² Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden.
• ²³ Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden.
• ²⁴ Northvolt AB, Stockholm, Sweden.
• ²⁵ Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
• ²⁶ Materials Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
• ²⁷ Wallenberg Initiative Materials Science for Sustainability, . magnus.berggren@liu.se.
• ²⁸ Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden. magnus.berggren@liu.se.