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. 2024 Mar:140:132-135.
doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.01.018. Epub 2024 Feb 2.

Synergistic impact of N-antigenemia profiled by a rapid antigen test and low anti-S1 antibodies on the risk of hospitalization in COVID-19

Amanda de la Fuente  1 , Tamara Postigo  2 , Francisco Sanus Ferri  3 , Marta Domínguez-Gil  4 , Jesús Álvarez-Manzanares  5 , Jose María Eiros  6 , Virginia Carbajosa Rodríguez  5 , Susana Sanchez Ramon  5 , Alicia Ortega  1 , Laura N Fadrique Millán  5 , Luis Mario Vaquero-Roncero  7 , Carmen Esteban-Velasco  8 , Elena Navarro-Matías  9 , Ferran Barbé  10 , Jesús F Bermejo-Martin  11 , Raul Lopez-Izquierdo  12
Affiliations
Free article

Synergistic impact of N-antigenemia profiled by a rapid antigen test and low anti-S1 antibodies on the risk of hospitalization in COVID-19

Amanda de la Fuente et al. Int J Infect Dis. 2024 Mar.
Free article

Abstract

Objectives: Identifying patients with COVID-19 who are at risk of poor evolution is key to early decide on their hospitalization. We evaluated the combined impact of nucleocapsid (N)-antigenemia profiled by a rapid test and antibodies against the S1 subunit of the SARS-CoV S protein (S1) on the hospitalization risk of patients with COVID-19.

Methods: N-antigenemia and anti-S1 antibodies were profiled at admission to the emergency department in 146 patients with COVID-19 using the Panbio® antigen Rapid Test and the SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G II Quant/SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G assay from Abbott. A multivariable analysis was used to evaluate the impact of these factors on hospitalization.

Results: Patients with a positive N-antigen test in plasma and anti-S1 levels <2821 arbitrary units/mL needed hospitalization more frequently (20 of 23, 87%). A total of 20 of 71 (28.2%) of those showing a negative N-antigen test and anti-S1 ≥2821 arbitrary units/mL were hospitalized for 18 of 52 (34.6%) of the patients with only one of these conditions. Patients with a positive N-antigen test and low antibody levels showed an odds ratio, 95% confidence interval, and P-value for hospitalization of 18.21, 2.74-121.18, and 0.003, respectively, and exhibited the highest mortality (30.4%).

Conclusions: Simultaneous profiling of a rapid N-antigen test in plasma and anti-S1 levels could help to early identify patients with COVID-19 needing hospitalization.

Keywords: Anti-S1 antibodies; Antigenemia, Emergency room; COVID-19; Hospitalization.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of competing interest JME, MDG, JFBM, FB, and RLI had filled a patent on antigenemia as a predictor of poor outcomes in COVID-19 (EP20383140). Amanda de la Fuente reports financial support was provided by Carlos III Health Institute (PFIS: FI20/00278), co-funded by the European Social Fund (ESF)/Investing in Your Future. Francisco Sanus Ferri reports that financial support was provided by the Network of Biomedical Research Centers of the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, and by “Programa de donaciones estar preparados; UNESPA” (Madrid, Spain). Tamara Postigo contract was supported by Fundació La Marató de TV3 (ajudes Econòmiques a Projectes de Recerca sobre Covid-19 - La Marató 2020, code 202108-30-31). Jesus F Bermejo-Martin has patent pending to EP20383140. Marta Dominguez-Gil has patent pending to EP20383140. Ferran Barbe has patent pending to EP20383140. Raul Lopez-Izquierdo has patent pending to EP20383140. Jose Maria Eiros has patent pending to EP20383140. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. The remaining authors have no competing interest to declare.

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