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. 2024 Feb 6;110(3_Suppl):76-82.
doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.23-0528. Print 2024 Mar 5.

Impact of the Severe Malaria "Champions Program" on the Management of Severe Malaria Cases in 12 Hospitals of the North and Far North Regions of Cameroon

Eric Tchinda Meli  1 , Yves-Marie Bernard  2 , Joël Marcellin Ateba  3 , Landry Tchoutang  4 , Abas Mouliom  4 , Annie Coriolan Ciceron  2 , Jadmin Mostel  2 , Christophe Tchadjeu  4 , Olivier Palata  4 , Mohamadu Wirngo  5 , Aissata Fofana  5 , Lawrence M Barat  2
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Impact of the Severe Malaria "Champions Program" on the Management of Severe Malaria Cases in 12 Hospitals of the North and Far North Regions of Cameroon

Eric Tchinda Meli et al. Am J Trop Med Hyg. .

Abstract

Malaria remains a main cause of morbidity and mortality in Cameroon. Since 2021, the U.S. President's Malaria Initiative Impact Malaria Project has supported the National Malaria Control Program to develop the Champions program in two northern regions. We assessed this program's preliminary effectiveness on the performance of hospitals in the management of severe malaria and reduction of malaria-related deaths. We conducted a secondary analysis of Outreach Training and Supportive Supervision (OTSS) data from four rounds (one round pre-Champions program and three rounds post-Champions program and 2020-2022 malaria-related mortality data for 12 hospitals). Using linear regressions, we measured changes in hospital readiness and competency of health workers in the management of severe malaria between baseline and subsequent rounds. There were statistically significant improvements in overall management of severe malaria scores in post-Champions OTSS rounds, with post-Champions round 3 exhibiting an increase of +14% (P = 0.013) over baseline. Overall health facility readiness scores exhibited an increase of +7% (P = 0.006) from baseline to post-Champions round 3. There were no statistically significant findings associated with providing the right treatment, as nearly all patients hospitalized with severe malaria were treated with a recommended severe malaria treatment. Reported inpatient malaria deaths and case fatality rates trended downward from 2020 to 2022, but these differences were not statistically significant. The Champions program resulted in significant improvements in quality of inpatient care for severe malaria. The downward trends in malaria deaths and case fatality rate will require further monitoring to determine whether the Champions program is having the desired impact of reducing inpatient deaths from malaria.

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Conflict of interest statement

Disclosure: The contents are the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Agency for International Development or the U.S. Government. The study team received a nonresearch determination from the Population Services International Research Ethics Board (equivalent of an institutional review board) and the Ministry of Health’s Comité National d’Ethique pour la Recherche en Santé Humaine (2023/08/1553/CE/CNERSH/SP) in Cameroon. All facility names and personal identifiable information were removed from the data set used for this analysis.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Box-and-whiskers plot of the management of severe malaria and health facility readiness across four rounds of Outreach Training and Supportive Supervision (OTSS). (A) Management of severe malaria. (B) Health facility readiness. Source: OTSS data, 2021–2022. OTSS = Outreach Training and Supportive Supervision.
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