Addressing climate change with behavioral science: A global intervention tournament in 63 countries

Madalina Vlasceanu¹, Kimberly C Doell^{1

2}, Joseph B Bak-Coleman^{3

4}, Boryana Todorova², Michael M Berkebile-Weinberg¹, Samantha J Grayson⁵, Yash Patel¹, Danielle Goldwert¹, Yifei Pei¹, Alek Chakroff⁶, Ekaterina Pronizius², Karlijn L van den Broek⁷, Denisa Vlasceanu⁸, Sara Constantino^{9

10}, Michael J Morais¹¹, Philipp Schumann¹², Steve Rathje¹, Ke Fang¹, Salvatore Maria Aglioti^{13

14}, Mark Alfano¹⁵, Andy J Alvarado-Yepez¹⁶, Angélica Andersen¹⁷, Frederik Anseel¹⁸, Matthew A J Apps¹⁹, Chillar Asadli²⁰, Fonda Jane Awuor²¹, Flavio Azevedo²², Piero Basaglia²³, Jocelyn J Bélanger²⁴, Sebastian Berger²⁵, Paul Bertin^{26

27}, Michał Białek²⁸, Olga Bialobrzeska²⁹, Michelle Blaya-Burgo³⁰, Daniëlle N M Bleize³¹, Simen Bø³², Lea Boecker³³, Paulo S Boggio³⁴, Sylvie Borau³⁵, Björn Bos³⁶, Ayoub Bouguettaya³⁷, Markus Brauer³⁸, Cameron Brick^{39

40}, Tymofii Brik⁴¹, Roman Briker⁴², Tobias Brosch⁴³, Ondrej Buchel⁴⁴, Daniel Buonauro⁴⁵, Radhika Butalia⁴⁶, Héctor Carvacho⁴⁷, Sarah A E Chamberlain⁴⁸, Hang-Yee Chan⁴⁹, Dawn Chow⁵⁰, Dongil Chung⁵¹, Luca Cian⁵², Noa Cohen-Eick^{53

54}, Luis Sebastian Contreras-Huerta^{19

55}, Davide Contu⁵⁶, Vladimir Cristea⁵⁷, Jo Cutler¹⁹, Silvana D'Ottone⁵⁸, Jonas De Keersmaecker^{59

60}, Sarah Delcourt⁶¹, Sylvain Delouvée⁶², Kathi Diel⁶³, Benjamin D Douglas³⁸, Moritz A Drupp^{23

64}, Shreya Dubey⁶⁵, Jānis Ekmanis⁶⁶, Christian T Elbaek⁶⁷, Mahmoud Elsherif^{68

69}, Iris M Engelhard⁷⁰, Yannik A Escher⁷¹, Tom W Etienne^{57

72}, Laura Farage⁷³, Ana Rita Farias⁷⁴, Stefan Feuerriegel⁷⁵, Andrej Findor⁷⁶, Lucia Freira⁷⁷, Malte Friese⁶³, Neil Philip Gains⁷⁸, Albina Gallyamova⁷⁹, Sandra J Geiger⁸⁰, Oliver Genschow⁸¹, Biljana Gjoneska⁸², Theofilos Gkinopoulos⁸³, Beth Goldberg⁸⁴, Amit Goldenberg^{85

86

87}, Sarah Gradidge⁸⁸, Simone Grassini^{89

90}, Kurt Gray⁹¹, Sonja Grelle⁹², Siobhán M Griffin⁹³, Lusine Grigoryan⁹⁴, Ani Grigoryan⁹⁵, Dmitry Grigoryev⁷⁹, June Gruber⁹⁶, Johnrev Guilaran⁹⁷, Britt Hadar⁹⁸, Ulf J J Hahnel⁹⁹, Eran Halperin⁵³, Annelie J Harvey⁸⁸, Christian A P Haugestad¹⁰⁰, Aleksandra M Herman^{101

102}, Hal E Hershfield¹⁰³, Toshiyuki Himichi¹⁰⁴, Donald W Hine¹⁰⁵, Wilhelm Hofmann⁹², Lauren Howe¹⁰⁶, Enma T Huaman-Chulluncuy¹⁰⁷, Guanxiong Huang¹⁰⁸, Tatsunori Ishii¹⁰⁹, Ayahito Ito¹¹⁰, Fanli Jia¹¹¹, John T Jost¹, Veljko Jovanović¹¹², Dominika Jurgiel¹¹³, Ondřej Kácha¹¹⁴, Reeta Kankaanpää^{115

116}, Jaroslaw Kantorowicz¹¹⁷, Elena Kantorowicz-Reznichenko¹¹⁸, Keren Kaplan Mintz^{119

120}, Ilker Kaya¹²¹, Ozgur Kaya¹²¹, Narine Khachatryan⁹⁵, Anna Klas¹²², Colin Klein¹²³, Christian A Klöckner¹²⁴, Lina Koppel¹²⁵, Alexandra I Kosachenko¹²⁶, Emily J Kothe¹²², Ruth Krebs¹²⁷, Amy R Krosch¹²⁸, Andre P M Krouwel¹²⁹, Yara Kyrychenko¹³⁰, Maria Lagomarsino¹³¹, Claus Lamm², Florian Lange⁶¹, Julia Lee Cunningham¹³², Jeffrey Lees^{133

134}, Tak Yan Leung¹³⁵, Neil Levy¹³⁶, Patricia L Lockwood¹⁹, Chiara Longoni¹³⁷, Alberto López Ortega¹³⁸, David D Loschelder¹³⁹, Jackson G Lu¹⁴⁰, Yu Luo¹⁴¹, Joseph Luomba¹⁴², Annika E Lutz¹⁴³, Johann M Majer¹⁴⁴, Ezra Markowitz¹⁴⁵, Abigail A Marsh¹⁴⁶, Karen Louise Mascarenhas^{147

148}, Bwambale Mbilingi¹⁴⁹, Winfred Mbungu¹⁵⁰, Cillian McHugh¹⁵¹, Marijn H C Meijers¹⁵², Hugo Mercier¹⁵³, Fenant Laurent Mhagama¹⁵⁴, Katerina Michalakis¹⁵⁵, Nace Mikus^{156

157}, Sarah Milliron¹²⁸, Panagiotis Mitkidis⁶⁷, Fredy S Monge-Rodríguez¹⁵⁸, Youri L Mora^{159

160}, David Moreau¹⁶¹, Kosuke Motoki¹⁶², Manuel Moyano¹⁶³, Mathilde Mus¹⁶⁴, Joaquin Navajas^{165

166}, Tam Luong Nguyen¹⁶⁷, Dung Minh Nguyen¹⁶⁸, Trieu Nguyen¹⁶⁸, Laura Niemi¹⁶⁹, Sari R R Nijssen¹⁷⁰, Gustav Nilsonne^{171

172}, Jonas P Nitschke², Laila Nockur¹⁷³, Ritah Okura¹⁴⁹, Sezin Öner¹⁷⁴, Asil Ali Özdoğru^{175

176}, Helena Palumbo¹⁷⁷, Costas Panagopoulos¹⁷⁸, Maria Serena Panasiti^{14

179}, Philip Pärnamets¹⁸⁰, Mariola Paruzel-Czachura^{181

182}, Yuri G Pavlov¹⁸³, César Payán-Gómez¹⁸⁴, Adam R Pearson⁴⁵, Leonor Pereira da Costa¹⁸⁵, Hannes M Petrowsky¹⁸⁶, Stefan Pfattheicher¹⁷³, Nhat Tan Pham¹⁸⁷, Vladimir Ponizovskiy⁹², Clara Pretus¹⁸⁸, Gabriel G Rêgo¹⁸⁹, Ritsaart Reimann¹³⁶, Shawn A Rhoads^{190

191}, Julian Riano-Moreno¹⁹², Isabell Richter¹⁹³, Jan Philipp Röer¹⁹⁴, Jahred Rosa-Sullivan¹⁹⁵, Robert M Ross¹³⁶, Anandita Sabherwal¹⁹⁶, Toshiki Saito^{197

198}, Oriane Sarrasin¹⁹⁹, Nicolas Say²⁰⁰, Katharina Schmid²⁰¹, Michael T Schmitt¹⁴³, Philipp Schoenegger^{202

203}, Christin Scholz²⁰⁴, Mariah G Schug²⁰⁵, Stefan Schulreich^{206

207}, Ganga Shreedhar¹⁹⁶, Eric Shuman^{1

85}, Smadar Sivan²⁰⁸, Hallgeir Sjåstad³², Meikel Soliman²⁰⁹, Katia Soud^{210

211}, Tobia Spampatti^{212

213}, Gregg Sparkman²¹⁴, Ognen Spasovski^{215

216}, Samantha K Stanley²¹⁷, Jessica A Stern²¹⁸, Noel Strahm²⁵, Yasushi Suko²¹⁹, Sunhae Sul²²⁰, Stylianos Syropoulos²²¹, Neil C Taylor²²², Elisa Tedaldi²²³, Gustav Tinghög¹²⁵, Luu Duc Toan Huynh²²⁴, Giovanni Antonio Travaglino²²⁵, Manos Tsakiris¹⁵⁵, İlayda Tüter²²⁶, Michael Tyrala²²⁷, Özden Melis Uluğ²²⁸, Arkadiusz Urbanek²²⁹, Danila Valko^{230

231}, Sander van der Linden²³², Kevin van Schie²³³, Aart van Stekelenburg²³⁴, Edmunds Vanags²³⁵, Daniel Västfjäll²³⁶, Stepan Vesely¹²⁴, Jáchym Vintr¹¹⁴, Marek Vranka²³⁷, Patrick Otuo Wanguche²¹, Robb Willer²³⁸, Adrian Dominik Wojcik²³⁹, Rachel Xu⁸⁴, Anjali Yadav^{240

241}, Magdalena Zawisza⁸⁸, Xian Zhao²⁴², Jiaying Zhao^{141

243}, Dawid Żuk²⁴⁴, Jay J Van Bavel^{1

32

245}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA.
² Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna 1010, Austria.
³ Craig Newmark Center for Journalism Ethics and Security, Columbia University, New York, NY 10018, USA.
⁴ Institute for Rebooting Social Media, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
⁵ Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
⁶ San Luis Obispo, CA 93405, USA.
⁷ Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CB, Netherlands.
⁸ Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
⁹ School of Public Policy and Urban Affairs, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
¹⁰ Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
¹¹ Amazon, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
¹² Department of Psychology, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg 26129, Germany.
¹³ Santa Lucia Foundation, IRCCS, Rome 179, Italy.
¹⁴ Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 185, Italy.
¹⁵ Department of Philosophy, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia.
¹⁶ Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, San Martín de Porres 15102, Peru.
¹⁷ Post-Graduation Program in Linguistics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 80060150, Brasil.
¹⁸ UNSW Business School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
¹⁹ Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
²⁰ Psychology Scientific Research Institute, Baku, Azerbaijan.
²¹ Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, Kisumu 1881-40100, Kenya.
²² Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen 9712TS, Netherlands.
²³ Department of Economics, University of Hamburg, Hamburg 20146, Germany.
²⁴ Department of Psychology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi 129188, United Arab Emirates.
²⁵ Department of Sociology, University of Bern, Bern 3012, Switzerland.
²⁶ LAPCOS, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice 6357, France.
²⁷ Center for Social and Cultural Psychology, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1050, Belgium.
²⁸ Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Historical and Pedagogical Sciences, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw 50-120, Poland.
²⁹ Institute of Psychology, SWPS University, Warsaw 03-815, Poland.
³⁰ Department of Psychology, Division of Behavioral & Organizational Sciences, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, NH 91711, USA.
³¹ Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, 6500 HE, Netherlands.
³² Department of Strategy and Management, Norwegian School of Economics, Bergen 5045, Norway.
³³ Department of Economic Psychology, Social Psychology and Experimental Methods, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Lüneburg 21335, Germany.
³⁴ Social and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, Sao Paulo 1241001, Brazil.
³⁵ Toulouse Business School, Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse. Toulouse, 31000, France.
³⁶ Department of Economics, University of Hamburg, Hamburg 20146, Hamburg.
³⁷ School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
³⁸ Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
³⁹ Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1018 WT, Netherlands.
⁴⁰ Department of Psychology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum 2418, Norway.
⁴¹ Policy Research Department, Kyiv School of Economics, Kyiv 2000, Ukraine.
⁴² Department of Organisation, Strategy, and Entrepreneurship, School of Business and Economics, Maastricht University, Maastricht 6211 LK, Netherlands.
⁴³ Department of Psychology and Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva 1205, Switzerland.
⁴⁴ Institute for Sociology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava 81364, Slovakia.
⁴⁵ Psychological Science, Pomona College, Claremont, CA 91711, USA.
⁴⁶ Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium.
⁴⁷ Escuela de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
⁴⁸ School of Psychology, Speech, and Hearing, University of Canterbury, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8051, New Zealand.
⁴⁹ Department of Marketing, King's Business School, King's College London, London WC2B 4BG, UK.
⁵⁰ Department of Management and Marketing, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
⁵¹ Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
⁵² Department of Marketing, University of Virginia, Darden School of Business, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA.
⁵³ Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9190501, Israel.
⁵⁴ Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen 9712 CP, Netherlands.
⁵⁵ Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Viña del Mar, Chile.
⁵⁶ Faculty of Management, Canadian University Dubai, Dubai 117781, United Arab Emirates.
⁵⁷ Kieskompas-Election Compass, Amsterdam 1052XH, Netherlands.
⁵⁸ Escuela de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile.
⁵⁹ Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium.
⁶⁰ Department of People Management and Organization, Esade Business School, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona 8034, Spain.
⁶¹ Behavioral Economics and Engineering Group, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium.
⁶² LP3C, Université Rennes 2, Rennes 35000, France.
⁶³ Department of Psychology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany.
⁶⁴ Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), University of Hamburg, Hamburg 20146, Germany.
⁶⁵ Amsterdam School of Communication Research, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1018WV, Netherlands.
⁶⁶ Department of Psychology, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia.
⁶⁷ Department of Management, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8210, Denmark.
⁶⁸ Department of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
⁶⁹ Department of Vision Science, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK.
⁷⁰ Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3508 TC, Netherlands.
⁷¹ Institute of Management & Organization, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Lüneburg 21335, Germany.
⁷² Department of Political Science & Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
⁷³ Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg 5020, Salzburg.
⁷⁴ HEI-Lab: Digital Human-Environment Interaction Labs, Lusófona University, Lisbon 1700, Portugal.
⁷⁵ School of Management, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich 80539, Germany.
⁷⁶ Institute of European Studies and International Relations, Faculty of Social and Economic Sciences, Comenius University Bratislava, Bratislava 82105, Slovakia.
⁷⁷ Laboratorio de Neurociencia, Escuela de Negocios, Universidad Torcuato Di Tella, Buenos Aires C1428, Argentina.
⁷⁸ School of Global Studies, Thammasat University, Bangkok 12121, Thailand.
⁷⁹ Center for Sociocultural Research, HSE University, Moscow 101000, Russia.
⁸⁰ Environmental Psychology, Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna A-1010, Austria.
⁸¹ Institute for Management and Organization, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Lüneburg 21335, Germany.
⁸² Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Skopje 1000, North Macedonia.
⁸³ Faculty of Philosophy, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Jagiellonian University, Krakow 30-060, Poland.
⁸⁴ Jigsaw, Google, New York, NY 10011, USA.
⁸⁵ Harvard Business School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 2163, USA.
⁸⁶ Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 2138, USA.
⁸⁷ Digital Data and Design Institute at Harvard, Harvard University, Allston, Boston, MA 2134, USA.
⁸⁸ School of Psychology and Sport Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge CB1 1PT, UK.
⁸⁹ Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen 5007, Norway.
⁹⁰ Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Stavanger, Stavanger 4021, Norway.
⁹¹ Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
⁹² Department of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum 44801, Germany.
⁹³ Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Limerick V94T9PX, Ireland.
⁹⁴ Department of Psychology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK.
⁹⁵ Department of Personality Psychology, Yerevan State University, Yerevan 0025, Armenia.
⁹⁶ Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
⁹⁷ Division of Social Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, Miagao 5023, Philippines.
⁹⁸ Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Reichman University, Herzliya 4610101, Israel.
⁹⁹ Faculty of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel 4055, Switzerland.
¹⁰⁰ Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo 373, Norway.
¹⁰¹ Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 02-093, Poland.
¹⁰² School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer BN1 9RH, UK.
¹⁰³ Anderson School of Management, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
¹⁰⁴ School of Economics & Management, Kochi University of Technology, Kami City 782-8502, Japan.
¹⁰⁵ School of Psychology, Speech and Hearing, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8051, New Zealand.
¹⁰⁶ Department of Business Administration, University of Zurich, Zurich 8032, Switzerland.
¹⁰⁷ Department of Psychology, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco 800, Peru.
¹⁰⁸ Department of Media and Communication, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China.
¹⁰⁹ Department of Psychology, Japan Women's University, Tokyo 1128681, Japan.
¹¹⁰ Graduate School of Education, Tohoku University, Sendai 9808576, Japan.
¹¹¹ Department of Psychology, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ 7079, USA.
¹¹² Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia.
¹¹³ Doctoral School of Social Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń 87-100, Poland.
¹¹⁴ Green Dock, Hostivice 25301, Czech Republic.
¹¹⁵ Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere 33100, Finland.
¹¹⁶ INVEST Research Flagship, University of Turku, Turku 20014, Finland.
¹¹⁷ Institute of Security and Global Affairs, Leiden University, The Hague 2511DP, Netherlands.
¹¹⁸ Erasmus School of Law, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam 3062PA, Netherlands.
¹¹⁹ Shamir Research Institute, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel.
¹²⁰ Department of Learning and Instructional Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, 3498838, Israel.
¹²¹ Deparment of Economics, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah 26666, United Arab Emirates.
¹²² School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia.
¹²³ School of Philosophy, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia.
¹²⁴ Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7049, Norway.
¹²⁵ Department of Management and Engineering, Linköping University, Linköping 58183, Sweden.
¹²⁶ Academic and Research Laboratory of Neurotechnology, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg 620075, Russia.
¹²⁷ Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium.
¹²⁸ Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.
¹²⁹ Departments of Political Science and Communication Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 HV, Netherlands.
¹³⁰ Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EL, UK.
¹³¹ Psychology of Sustainability and Behavior Change, University of Basel, Basel 4055, Switzerland.
¹³² Management & Organizations, Stephen M. Ross School of Business, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
¹³³ John E. Walker Department of Economics, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
¹³⁴ Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 8544, USA.
¹³⁵ School of Business and Creative Industries, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, BNE 4556, Australia.
¹³⁶ Department of Philosophy, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
¹³⁷ Department of Marketing, Bocconi University, Milan 20136, Italy.
¹³⁸ Department of Communication Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 HV, Netherlands.
¹³⁹ Institute of Management and Organization, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Lueneburg 21337, Germany.
¹⁴⁰ MIT Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 2139, USA.
¹⁴¹ Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
¹⁴² Tanzanian Fisheries Research Institute, Mwanza, Tanzania.
¹⁴³ Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
¹⁴⁴ Department of Social, Organizational, & Economic Psychology, University of Hildesheim, Hildesheim 31141, Germany.
¹⁴⁵ Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 1003, USA.
¹⁴⁶ Department of Psychology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
¹⁴⁷ Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Innovation (RCGI), University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-030, Brazil.
¹⁴⁸ Department of Social Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-030, Brazil.
¹⁴⁹ National Fisheries Resources Research Institute, Jinja, Uganda.
¹⁵⁰ Department of Civil and Water Resources Engineering School of Engineering and Technology, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania.
¹⁵¹ Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland.
¹⁵² Department of Communication Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1001 NG, Netherlands.
¹⁵³ Institut Jean Nicod, Département d'études cognitives, ENS, EHESS, PSL University, CNRS, Paris 75005, France.
¹⁵⁴ Tanzania Fisheries Research Institute, Mwanza, Tanzania.
¹⁵⁵ Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham TW200EX, UK.
¹⁵⁶ School of Culture and Society-Interacting Minds Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark.
¹⁵⁷ Neuropsychopharmacology and Biopsychology Unit, University of Vienna, Vienna 1010, Austria.
¹⁵⁸ Department of Psychology, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 2002, Peru.
¹⁵⁹ Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique, Brussels 1050, Belgium.
¹⁶⁰ Center for Social and Cultural Psychology, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1312, Belgium.
¹⁶¹ School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.
¹⁶² Department of Management, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan.
¹⁶³ Department of Psychology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba 14071, Spain.
¹⁶⁴ Département d'études cognitives, Institut Jean Nicod ENS, EHESS, PSL University, CNRS, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan.
¹⁶⁵ Comisión Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
¹⁶⁶ Laboratorio de Neurociencia, Escuela de Negocios, Universidad Torcuato Di Tella, Buenos Aires C1428 CABA, Argentina.
¹⁶⁷ University of Economics HCMC (UEH), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
¹⁶⁸ College of Management, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 800, Taiwan.
¹⁶⁹ Department of Psychology and Dyson School of Applied Economics and Management, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.
¹⁷⁰ Environmental Psychology, Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna 1010, Austria.
¹⁷¹ Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden.
¹⁷² Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm 11419, Sweden.
¹⁷³ Department of Psychology and Behavioural Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark.
¹⁷⁴ Department of Psychology, Kadir Has University, İstanbul 34083, Turkey.
¹⁷⁵ Department of Psychology, Marmara University, İstanbul 34722, Turkey.
¹⁷⁶ Department of Psychology, Üsküdar University, İstanbul 34662, Turkey.
¹⁷⁷ Department of Economics and Business, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona 8005, Spain.
¹⁷⁸ Department of Political Science, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 2115, USA.
¹⁷⁹ IRCCS, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome 142, Italy.
¹⁸⁰ Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Psychology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden.
¹⁸¹ Penn Center for Neuroaesthetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
¹⁸² Institute of Psychology, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice 40-007, Poland.
¹⁸³ Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen 72076, Germany.
¹⁸⁴ Dirección Académica, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede de La Paz, Cesar, Colombia.
¹⁸⁵ HEI-Lab: Digital Human-Environment Interaction Labs, Lusófona University, Lisbon, Portugal.
¹⁸⁶ Institute of Management and Organization, Leuphana University Lueneburg, Lueneburg 21337, Germany.
¹⁸⁷ School of Business, International University, Vietnam National University HCMC, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.
¹⁸⁸ Department of Psychobioloogy and Methodology of Heath Sciences, Universitat Autònima de Barcelona, Barcelona 8193, Spain.
¹⁸⁹ Center for Health and Biological Sciences, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, São Paulo 01221-040, Brazil.
¹⁹⁰ Department of Psychology, Georgetown University, Washington DC, 20057, USA.
¹⁹¹ Center for Computational Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
¹⁹² Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Villavicencio, Colombia.
¹⁹³ Department of Psychology, Faculty for Social and Educational Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway.
¹⁹⁴ Department of Psychology and Psychotherapy, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten 58455, Germany.
¹⁹⁵ Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
¹⁹⁶ Department of Psychological and Behavioural Science, London School of Economics and Political Science, London WC2A 2AE, UK.
¹⁹⁷ Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo 1020083, Japan.
¹⁹⁸ Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 1658555, Japan.
¹⁹⁹ Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland.
²⁰⁰ Department of Management, Prague University of Economics and Business, Prague 13067, Czech Republic.
²⁰¹ Department of People Management and Organization, Universitat Ramon Llull, Esade Business School, Barcelona 8034, Spain.
²⁰² School of Economics & Finance, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9AJ, UK.
²⁰³ School of Philosophical, Anthropological and Film Studies, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9AJ, UK.
²⁰⁴ Department of Communication, Amsterdam School of Communication Research, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1018WV, Netherlands.
²⁰⁵ Department of Psychology, Widener University, Chester 19013, USA.
²⁰⁶ Department of Cognitive Psychology, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg 20146, Germany.
²⁰⁷ Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria.
²⁰⁸ Department of Social Psychology, Reichman University (RUNI), Herzliya 4610101, Israel.
²⁰⁹ Research Center for Digital Transformation, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Lüneburg 21335, Germany.
²¹⁰ Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark.
²¹¹ Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE), Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark.
²¹² Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva 1205, Switzerland.
²¹³ Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva 1205, Switzerland.
²¹⁴ Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 2467, USA.
²¹⁵ Faculty of Philosophy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje 1000, Republic of North Macedonia.
²¹⁶ Faculty of Philosophy, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, Trnava 917 01, Slovakia.
²¹⁷ School of Medicine and Psychology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 200, Australia.
²¹⁸ Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22902, USA.
²¹⁹ Faculty of Social Sciences/Psychology, Tampere University, Tampere FI-33014, Finland.
²²⁰ Department of Psychology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
²²¹ Psychology and Neuroscience, Schiller Institute for Integrated Science and Society, Boston College, Brighton, MA 2135, USA.
²²² UQ Business School, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia.
²²³ Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialisation, University of Padova, Padua 35131, Italy.
²²⁴ School of Business and Management, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK.
²²⁵ Institute for the Study of Power, Crime, and Society | Department of Law & Criminology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham TW200EX, UK.
²²⁶ Department of Psychology, Üsküdar University, Istanbul 34664, Turkey.
²²⁷ Department of Public and International Affairs, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong.
²²⁸ School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer BN19QH, UK.
²²⁹ Institute of Pedagogy, Faculty of Historical and Pedagogical Sciences, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw 50-120, Poland.
²³⁰ Research Department, The South Ural University of Technology, Chelyabinsk 454052, Russia.
²³¹ Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Space Studies, School for Environmental and Social Studies, Tyumen State University, Tyumen 625003, Russia.
²³² Department of Psycholgy, Cambridge University, Cambridge CB2 3 EB, UK.
²³³ Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg 5037 AB, Netherlands.
²³⁴ Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6500 HE, Netherlands.
²³⁵ Department of Psychology, University of Latvia, Riga 1083, Latvia.
²³⁶ Division of Psychology, Linköping University, Linköping 58183, Sweden.
²³⁷ Department of Marketing Communication and Public Relations, Charles University, Prague 11000, Czech Republic.
²³⁸ Department of Sociology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
²³⁹ Faculty of Philosophy and Social Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń 87-100, Poland.
²⁴⁰ Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Climate and Energy Policy Research Lab, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India.
²⁴¹ School of Computing, Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, La Trobe University Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia.
²⁴² Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
²⁴³ Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
²⁴⁴ Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw 00-183, Poland.
²⁴⁵ Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA.

PMID: 38324680
PMCID: PMC10849597
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj5778

Addressing climate change with behavioral science: A global intervention tournament in 63 countries

Madalina Vlasceanu et al. Sci Adv. 2024.

. 2024 Feb 9;10(6):eadj5778.

doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adj5778. Epub 2024 Feb 7.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA.
² Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna 1010, Austria.
³ Craig Newmark Center for Journalism Ethics and Security, Columbia University, New York, NY 10018, USA.
⁴ Institute for Rebooting Social Media, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
⁵ Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
⁶ San Luis Obispo, CA 93405, USA.
⁷ Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CB, Netherlands.
⁸ Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
⁹ School of Public Policy and Urban Affairs, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
¹⁰ Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
¹¹ Amazon, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
¹² Department of Psychology, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg 26129, Germany.
¹³ Santa Lucia Foundation, IRCCS, Rome 179, Italy.
¹⁴ Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 185, Italy.
¹⁵ Department of Philosophy, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia.
¹⁶ Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, San Martín de Porres 15102, Peru.
¹⁷ Post-Graduation Program in Linguistics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 80060150, Brasil.
¹⁸ UNSW Business School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
¹⁹ Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
²⁰ Psychology Scientific Research Institute, Baku, Azerbaijan.
²¹ Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, Kisumu 1881-40100, Kenya.
²² Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen 9712TS, Netherlands.
²³ Department of Economics, University of Hamburg, Hamburg 20146, Germany.
²⁴ Department of Psychology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi 129188, United Arab Emirates.
²⁵ Department of Sociology, University of Bern, Bern 3012, Switzerland.
²⁶ LAPCOS, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice 6357, France.
²⁷ Center for Social and Cultural Psychology, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1050, Belgium.
²⁸ Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Historical and Pedagogical Sciences, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw 50-120, Poland.
²⁹ Institute of Psychology, SWPS University, Warsaw 03-815, Poland.
³⁰ Department of Psychology, Division of Behavioral & Organizational Sciences, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, NH 91711, USA.
³¹ Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, 6500 HE, Netherlands.
³² Department of Strategy and Management, Norwegian School of Economics, Bergen 5045, Norway.
³³ Department of Economic Psychology, Social Psychology and Experimental Methods, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Lüneburg 21335, Germany.
³⁴ Social and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, Sao Paulo 1241001, Brazil.
³⁵ Toulouse Business School, Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse. Toulouse, 31000, France.
³⁶ Department of Economics, University of Hamburg, Hamburg 20146, Hamburg.
³⁷ School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
³⁸ Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
³⁹ Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1018 WT, Netherlands.
⁴⁰ Department of Psychology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum 2418, Norway.
⁴¹ Policy Research Department, Kyiv School of Economics, Kyiv 2000, Ukraine.
⁴² Department of Organisation, Strategy, and Entrepreneurship, School of Business and Economics, Maastricht University, Maastricht 6211 LK, Netherlands.
⁴³ Department of Psychology and Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva 1205, Switzerland.
⁴⁴ Institute for Sociology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava 81364, Slovakia.
⁴⁵ Psychological Science, Pomona College, Claremont, CA 91711, USA.
⁴⁶ Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium.
⁴⁷ Escuela de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
⁴⁸ School of Psychology, Speech, and Hearing, University of Canterbury, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8051, New Zealand.
⁴⁹ Department of Marketing, King's Business School, King's College London, London WC2B 4BG, UK.
⁵⁰ Department of Management and Marketing, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
⁵¹ Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
⁵² Department of Marketing, University of Virginia, Darden School of Business, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA.
⁵³ Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9190501, Israel.
⁵⁴ Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen 9712 CP, Netherlands.
⁵⁵ Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Viña del Mar, Chile.
⁵⁶ Faculty of Management, Canadian University Dubai, Dubai 117781, United Arab Emirates.
⁵⁷ Kieskompas-Election Compass, Amsterdam 1052XH, Netherlands.
⁵⁸ Escuela de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile.
⁵⁹ Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium.
⁶⁰ Department of People Management and Organization, Esade Business School, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona 8034, Spain.
⁶¹ Behavioral Economics and Engineering Group, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium.
⁶² LP3C, Université Rennes 2, Rennes 35000, France.
⁶³ Department of Psychology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany.
⁶⁴ Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), University of Hamburg, Hamburg 20146, Germany.
⁶⁵ Amsterdam School of Communication Research, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1018WV, Netherlands.
⁶⁶ Department of Psychology, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia.
⁶⁷ Department of Management, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8210, Denmark.
⁶⁸ Department of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
⁶⁹ Department of Vision Science, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK.
⁷⁰ Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3508 TC, Netherlands.
⁷¹ Institute of Management & Organization, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Lüneburg 21335, Germany.
⁷² Department of Political Science & Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
⁷³ Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg 5020, Salzburg.
⁷⁴ HEI-Lab: Digital Human-Environment Interaction Labs, Lusófona University, Lisbon 1700, Portugal.
⁷⁵ School of Management, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich 80539, Germany.
⁷⁶ Institute of European Studies and International Relations, Faculty of Social and Economic Sciences, Comenius University Bratislava, Bratislava 82105, Slovakia.
⁷⁷ Laboratorio de Neurociencia, Escuela de Negocios, Universidad Torcuato Di Tella, Buenos Aires C1428, Argentina.
⁷⁸ School of Global Studies, Thammasat University, Bangkok 12121, Thailand.
⁷⁹ Center for Sociocultural Research, HSE University, Moscow 101000, Russia.
⁸⁰ Environmental Psychology, Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna A-1010, Austria.
⁸¹ Institute for Management and Organization, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Lüneburg 21335, Germany.
⁸² Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Skopje 1000, North Macedonia.
⁸³ Faculty of Philosophy, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Jagiellonian University, Krakow 30-060, Poland.
⁸⁴ Jigsaw, Google, New York, NY 10011, USA.
⁸⁵ Harvard Business School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 2163, USA.
⁸⁶ Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 2138, USA.
⁸⁷ Digital Data and Design Institute at Harvard, Harvard University, Allston, Boston, MA 2134, USA.
⁸⁸ School of Psychology and Sport Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge CB1 1PT, UK.
⁸⁹ Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen 5007, Norway.
⁹⁰ Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Stavanger, Stavanger 4021, Norway.
⁹¹ Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
⁹² Department of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum 44801, Germany.
⁹³ Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Limerick V94T9PX, Ireland.
⁹⁴ Department of Psychology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK.
⁹⁵ Department of Personality Psychology, Yerevan State University, Yerevan 0025, Armenia.
⁹⁶ Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
⁹⁷ Division of Social Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, Miagao 5023, Philippines.
⁹⁸ Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Reichman University, Herzliya 4610101, Israel.
⁹⁹ Faculty of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel 4055, Switzerland.
¹⁰⁰ Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo 373, Norway.
¹⁰¹ Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 02-093, Poland.
¹⁰² School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer BN1 9RH, UK.
¹⁰³ Anderson School of Management, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
¹⁰⁴ School of Economics & Management, Kochi University of Technology, Kami City 782-8502, Japan.
¹⁰⁵ School of Psychology, Speech and Hearing, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8051, New Zealand.
¹⁰⁶ Department of Business Administration, University of Zurich, Zurich 8032, Switzerland.
¹⁰⁷ Department of Psychology, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco 800, Peru.
¹⁰⁸ Department of Media and Communication, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China.
¹⁰⁹ Department of Psychology, Japan Women's University, Tokyo 1128681, Japan.
¹¹⁰ Graduate School of Education, Tohoku University, Sendai 9808576, Japan.
¹¹¹ Department of Psychology, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ 7079, USA.
¹¹² Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia.
¹¹³ Doctoral School of Social Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń 87-100, Poland.
¹¹⁴ Green Dock, Hostivice 25301, Czech Republic.
¹¹⁵ Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere 33100, Finland.
¹¹⁶ INVEST Research Flagship, University of Turku, Turku 20014, Finland.
¹¹⁷ Institute of Security and Global Affairs, Leiden University, The Hague 2511DP, Netherlands.
¹¹⁸ Erasmus School of Law, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam 3062PA, Netherlands.
¹¹⁹ Shamir Research Institute, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel.
¹²⁰ Department of Learning and Instructional Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, 3498838, Israel.
¹²¹ Deparment of Economics, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah 26666, United Arab Emirates.
¹²² School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia.
¹²³ School of Philosophy, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia.
¹²⁴ Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7049, Norway.
¹²⁵ Department of Management and Engineering, Linköping University, Linköping 58183, Sweden.
¹²⁶ Academic and Research Laboratory of Neurotechnology, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg 620075, Russia.
¹²⁷ Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium.
¹²⁸ Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.
¹²⁹ Departments of Political Science and Communication Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 HV, Netherlands.
¹³⁰ Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EL, UK.
¹³¹ Psychology of Sustainability and Behavior Change, University of Basel, Basel 4055, Switzerland.
¹³² Management & Organizations, Stephen M. Ross School of Business, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
¹³³ John E. Walker Department of Economics, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
¹³⁴ Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 8544, USA.
¹³⁵ School of Business and Creative Industries, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, BNE 4556, Australia.
¹³⁶ Department of Philosophy, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
¹³⁷ Department of Marketing, Bocconi University, Milan 20136, Italy.
¹³⁸ Department of Communication Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 HV, Netherlands.
¹³⁹ Institute of Management and Organization, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Lueneburg 21337, Germany.
¹⁴⁰ MIT Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 2139, USA.
¹⁴¹ Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
¹⁴² Tanzanian Fisheries Research Institute, Mwanza, Tanzania.
¹⁴³ Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
¹⁴⁴ Department of Social, Organizational, & Economic Psychology, University of Hildesheim, Hildesheim 31141, Germany.
¹⁴⁵ Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 1003, USA.
¹⁴⁶ Department of Psychology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
¹⁴⁷ Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Innovation (RCGI), University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-030, Brazil.
¹⁴⁸ Department of Social Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-030, Brazil.
¹⁴⁹ National Fisheries Resources Research Institute, Jinja, Uganda.
¹⁵⁰ Department of Civil and Water Resources Engineering School of Engineering and Technology, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania.
¹⁵¹ Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland.
¹⁵² Department of Communication Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1001 NG, Netherlands.
¹⁵³ Institut Jean Nicod, Département d'études cognitives, ENS, EHESS, PSL University, CNRS, Paris 75005, France.
¹⁵⁴ Tanzania Fisheries Research Institute, Mwanza, Tanzania.
¹⁵⁵ Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham TW200EX, UK.
¹⁵⁶ School of Culture and Society-Interacting Minds Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark.
¹⁵⁷ Neuropsychopharmacology and Biopsychology Unit, University of Vienna, Vienna 1010, Austria.
¹⁵⁸ Department of Psychology, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 2002, Peru.
¹⁵⁹ Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique, Brussels 1050, Belgium.
¹⁶⁰ Center for Social and Cultural Psychology, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1312, Belgium.
¹⁶¹ School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.
¹⁶² Department of Management, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan.
¹⁶³ Department of Psychology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba 14071, Spain.
¹⁶⁴ Département d'études cognitives, Institut Jean Nicod ENS, EHESS, PSL University, CNRS, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan.
¹⁶⁵ Comisión Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
¹⁶⁶ Laboratorio de Neurociencia, Escuela de Negocios, Universidad Torcuato Di Tella, Buenos Aires C1428 CABA, Argentina.
¹⁶⁷ University of Economics HCMC (UEH), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
¹⁶⁸ College of Management, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 800, Taiwan.
¹⁶⁹ Department of Psychology and Dyson School of Applied Economics and Management, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.
¹⁷⁰ Environmental Psychology, Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna 1010, Austria.
¹⁷¹ Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden.
¹⁷² Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm 11419, Sweden.
¹⁷³ Department of Psychology and Behavioural Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark.
¹⁷⁴ Department of Psychology, Kadir Has University, İstanbul 34083, Turkey.
¹⁷⁵ Department of Psychology, Marmara University, İstanbul 34722, Turkey.
¹⁷⁶ Department of Psychology, Üsküdar University, İstanbul 34662, Turkey.
¹⁷⁷ Department of Economics and Business, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona 8005, Spain.
¹⁷⁸ Department of Political Science, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 2115, USA.
¹⁷⁹ IRCCS, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome 142, Italy.
¹⁸⁰ Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Psychology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden.
¹⁸¹ Penn Center for Neuroaesthetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
¹⁸² Institute of Psychology, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice 40-007, Poland.
¹⁸³ Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen 72076, Germany.
¹⁸⁴ Dirección Académica, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede de La Paz, Cesar, Colombia.
¹⁸⁵ HEI-Lab: Digital Human-Environment Interaction Labs, Lusófona University, Lisbon, Portugal.
¹⁸⁶ Institute of Management and Organization, Leuphana University Lueneburg, Lueneburg 21337, Germany.
¹⁸⁷ School of Business, International University, Vietnam National University HCMC, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.
¹⁸⁸ Department of Psychobioloogy and Methodology of Heath Sciences, Universitat Autònima de Barcelona, Barcelona 8193, Spain.
¹⁸⁹ Center for Health and Biological Sciences, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, São Paulo 01221-040, Brazil.
¹⁹⁰ Department of Psychology, Georgetown University, Washington DC, 20057, USA.
¹⁹¹ Center for Computational Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
¹⁹² Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Villavicencio, Colombia.
¹⁹³ Department of Psychology, Faculty for Social and Educational Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway.
¹⁹⁴ Department of Psychology and Psychotherapy, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten 58455, Germany.
¹⁹⁵ Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
¹⁹⁶ Department of Psychological and Behavioural Science, London School of Economics and Political Science, London WC2A 2AE, UK.
¹⁹⁷ Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo 1020083, Japan.
¹⁹⁸ Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 1658555, Japan.
¹⁹⁹ Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland.
²⁰⁰ Department of Management, Prague University of Economics and Business, Prague 13067, Czech Republic.
²⁰¹ Department of People Management and Organization, Universitat Ramon Llull, Esade Business School, Barcelona 8034, Spain.
²⁰² School of Economics & Finance, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9AJ, UK.
²⁰³ School of Philosophical, Anthropological and Film Studies, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9AJ, UK.
²⁰⁴ Department of Communication, Amsterdam School of Communication Research, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1018WV, Netherlands.
²⁰⁵ Department of Psychology, Widener University, Chester 19013, USA.
²⁰⁶ Department of Cognitive Psychology, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg 20146, Germany.
²⁰⁷ Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria.
²⁰⁸ Department of Social Psychology, Reichman University (RUNI), Herzliya 4610101, Israel.
²⁰⁹ Research Center for Digital Transformation, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Lüneburg 21335, Germany.
²¹⁰ Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark.
²¹¹ Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE), Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark.
²¹² Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva 1205, Switzerland.
²¹³ Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva 1205, Switzerland.
²¹⁴ Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 2467, USA.
²¹⁵ Faculty of Philosophy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje 1000, Republic of North Macedonia.
²¹⁶ Faculty of Philosophy, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, Trnava 917 01, Slovakia.
²¹⁷ School of Medicine and Psychology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 200, Australia.
²¹⁸ Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22902, USA.
²¹⁹ Faculty of Social Sciences/Psychology, Tampere University, Tampere FI-33014, Finland.
²²⁰ Department of Psychology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
²²¹ Psychology and Neuroscience, Schiller Institute for Integrated Science and Society, Boston College, Brighton, MA 2135, USA.
²²² UQ Business School, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia.
²²³ Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialisation, University of Padova, Padua 35131, Italy.
²²⁴ School of Business and Management, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK.
²²⁵ Institute for the Study of Power, Crime, and Society | Department of Law & Criminology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham TW200EX, UK.
²²⁶ Department of Psychology, Üsküdar University, Istanbul 34664, Turkey.
²²⁷ Department of Public and International Affairs, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong.
²²⁸ School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer BN19QH, UK.
²²⁹ Institute of Pedagogy, Faculty of Historical and Pedagogical Sciences, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw 50-120, Poland.
²³⁰ Research Department, The South Ural University of Technology, Chelyabinsk 454052, Russia.
²³¹ Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Space Studies, School for Environmental and Social Studies, Tyumen State University, Tyumen 625003, Russia.
²³² Department of Psycholgy, Cambridge University, Cambridge CB2 3 EB, UK.
²³³ Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg 5037 AB, Netherlands.
²³⁴ Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6500 HE, Netherlands.
²³⁵ Department of Psychology, University of Latvia, Riga 1083, Latvia.
²³⁶ Division of Psychology, Linköping University, Linköping 58183, Sweden.
²³⁷ Department of Marketing Communication and Public Relations, Charles University, Prague 11000, Czech Republic.
²³⁸ Department of Sociology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
²³⁹ Faculty of Philosophy and Social Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń 87-100, Poland.
²⁴⁰ Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Climate and Energy Policy Research Lab, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India.
²⁴¹ School of Computing, Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, La Trobe University Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia.
²⁴² Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
²⁴³ Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
²⁴⁴ Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw 00-183, Poland.
²⁴⁵ Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA.

PMID: 38324680
PMCID: PMC10849597
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj5778

Abstract

Effectively reducing climate change requires marked, global behavior change. However, it is unclear which strategies are most likely to motivate people to change their climate beliefs and behaviors. Here, we tested 11 expert-crowdsourced interventions on four climate mitigation outcomes: beliefs, policy support, information sharing intention, and an effortful tree-planting behavioral task. Across 59,440 participants from 63 countries, the interventions' effectiveness was small, largely limited to nonclimate skeptics, and differed across outcomes: Beliefs were strengthened mostly by decreasing psychological distance (by 2.3%), policy support by writing a letter to a future-generation member (2.6%), information sharing by negative emotion induction (12.1%), and no intervention increased the more effortful behavior-several interventions even reduced tree planting. Last, the effects of each intervention differed depending on people's initial climate beliefs. These findings suggest that the impact of behavioral climate interventions varies across audiences and target behaviors.

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Figures

**Fig. 1.. Interventions, theoretical frameworks, and brief descriptions.**

**Fig. 2.. Average effects (i.e., posterior estimates using Bayesian regressions) by intervention for each outcome.**
Dots indicate the mean, with error bars indicating the 94% credible region. Thicker error bars indicate the interquartile range. Vertical lines indicate control average. (A) Belief, (B) support for policy, (C) willingness to share climate change information on social media, and (D) number of trees planted in the WEPT. Estimates are reported in tables S1 to S4.

**Fig. 3.. Marginal effects (as the difference between interventions and control) as a function of estimated preintervention belief in climate change.**
Lines indicate the average effect size, with shaded regions indicating the 94% credible region. For visual clarity, regions in which the 94% credible region overlap zero are omitted from the figure. Where interventions have positive and negative effects that meet these criteria, a dashed line is used to connect these regions. The dashed vertical line indicates average belief, where effects in Fig. 1 are estimated. (A) Climate change belief, (B) policy support, (C) sharing information on social media, and (D) trees planted via the WEPT.

**Fig. 4.. Country-level means of each outcome variable.**
Countries without available data are shown in gray. Statistics are shown in tables S5 to S8. (A) Climate change belief, (B) policy support, (C) sharing information on social media, and (D) trees planted via the WEPT.

**Fig. 5.. The number of participants in each of the 63 countries represented in the sample (N_total = 59,440).**

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References

1. IPCC, Climate Change 2023: Synthesis Report. A Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2023).
1. Ivanova D., Barrett J., Wiedenhofer D., Macura B., Callaghan M., Creutzig F., Quantifying the potential for climate change mitigation of consumption options. Environ. Res. Lett. 15, 093001 (2020).
1. Gifford R., Kormos C., McIntyre A., Behavioral dimensions of climate change: Drivers, responses, barriers, and interventions. WIREs Climate Change 2, 801–827 (2011).
1. Otto I. M., Donges J. F., Cremades R., Bhowmik A., Hewitt R. J., Lucht W., Rockström J., Allerberger F., McCaffrey M., Doe S. S. P., Lenferna A., Morán N., van Vuuren D. P., Schellnhuber H. J., Social tipping dynamics for stabilizing Earth’s climate by 2050. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 117, 2354–2365 (2020). - PMC - PubMed
1. Allcott H., Mullainathan S., Behavior and energy policy. Science 327, 1204–1205 (2010). - PubMed

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Addressing climate change with behavioral science: A global intervention tournament in 63 countries

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Addressing climate change with behavioral science: A global intervention tournament in 63 countries

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