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Review
. 2024 Jan 24:11:1336011.
doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1336011. eCollection 2024.

Heart transplantation and biomarkers: a review about their usefulness in clinical practice

L Martini  1 , G E Mandoli  1 , M C Pastore  1 , A Pagliaro  2 , S Bernazzali  2 , M Maccherini  2 , M Henein  3 , M Cameli  1
Affiliations
Review

Heart transplantation and biomarkers: a review about their usefulness in clinical practice

L Martini et al. Front Cardiovasc Med. .

Abstract

Advanced heart failure (AdvHF) can only be treated definitively by heart transplantation (HTx), yet problems such right ventricle dysfunction (RVD), rejection, cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV), and primary graft dysfunction (PGD) are linked to a poor prognosis. As a result, numerous biomarkers have been investigated in an effort to identify and prevent certain diseases sooner. We looked at both established biomarkers, such as NT-proBNP, hs-troponins, and pro-inflammatory cytokines, and newer ones, such as extracellular vesicles (EVs), donor specific antibodies (DSA), gene expression profile (GEP), donor-derived cell free DNA (dd-cfDNA), microRNA (miRNA), and soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (sST2). These biomarkers are typically linked to complications from HTX. We also highlight the relationships between each biomarker and one or more problems, as well as their applicability in routine clinical practice.

Keywords: CAV; PGD; RVD; biomarker; heart transplantation; rejection.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Main heart transplantation complications.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Main biomarkers in heart transplantation and their principal activities.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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