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. 2024 Jan 8;16(1):e51905.
doi: 10.7759/cureus.51905. eCollection 2024 Jan.

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Long-Term Prognosis of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Japan

Hiroki Sato  1   2 , Keisuke Yonezu  1 , Shotaro Saito  1   2 , Ichitaro Abe  1   2 , Katsunori Tawara  3 , Hidefumi Akioka  3 , Tetsuji Shinohara  1 , Yasushi Teshima  1 , Kunio Yufu  1 , Ryuzo Abe  2   4 , Naohiko Takahashi  1
Affiliations

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Long-Term Prognosis of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Japan

Hiroki Sato et al. Cureus. .

Abstract

Background During the early phase of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, a global reduction in hospitalizations for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) was observed. Generally, patients experienced increased severity of AMI with delays in time from symptom onset to treatment during the pandemic. However, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on in-hospital mortality among patients with AMI remains unclear. This study aimed to compare the long-term prognosis of patients with AMI during the COVID-19 pandemic to that observed in the pre-pandemic period and to evaluate the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the prognosis of patients with AMI. Methods We reviewed the data of patients admitted to our hospital for AMI treatment between April 1, 2018, and March 31, 2021. The time from admission to major adverse cardiac events (MACE), as well as the time from admission to all-cause death, were examined between the pandemic period (April 1, 2020, to March 31, 2021) and the pre-pandemic period (April 1, 2018, to March 31, 2020). Results Eighty patients were included in the study, and those admitted during the pandemic exhibited a higher likelihood of advanced age, lower levels of LDL-cholesterol, and a reduced prevalence of hypertension. The 2.5-year MACE-free survival and overall survival rates between the patients during the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods were not significantly different. Conclusion The long-term prognosis of patients with AMI during the COVID-19 pandemic remains unclear. In this study, we reported that the 2.5-year MACE-free survival and overall survival rates of the patients with AMI admitted during the COVID-19 pandemic were not significantly different from those during the pre-pandemic period. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the prognosis of patients with AMI appears to vary according to the study population.

Keywords: acute myocardial infarcation; all-cause death; covid-19; major adverse cardiac effect (mace); survival analyses.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Flow diagram
AMI: acute myocardial infarction
Figure 2
Figure 2. MACE-free survival rates of patients with AMI during the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods
Statistically significant P < 0.05
Figure 3
Figure 3. Overall survival rates of patients with AMI during the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods
* Statistically significant P < 0.05
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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