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Review
. 2024 May 1;83(5):364-376.
doi: 10.1097/FJC.0000000000001542.

Current Treatment and Immunomodulation Strategies in Acute Myocarditis

Emma Ferone  1 , Amitai Segev  2   3 , Erika Tempo  4 , Piero Gentile  5 , Ahmed Elsanhoury  6   7   8 , Chiara Baggio  9 , Jessica Artico  10   11 , Prashan Bhatti  1   12 , Paul Scott  12 , Emanuele Bobbio  13   14 , Marco Merlo  9 , Pietro Ameri  4   15 , Gianfranco Sinagra  9 , Carsten Tschöpe  6   7   8   16 , Daniel Bromage  1   12 , Antonio Cannata  1   12
Affiliations
Review

Current Treatment and Immunomodulation Strategies in Acute Myocarditis

Emma Ferone et al. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. .

Abstract

Myocarditis is an inflammatory disease of the myocardium characterized by a great heterogeneity of presentation and evolution. Treatment of myocarditis is often supportive, and the evidence for immunosuppression is scarce and debated. Conventional treatment is based on clinical presentation, ranging from conservative to advanced mechanical assist devices. In this setting, immunosuppression and immunomodulation therapies are mostly reserved for patients presenting with major clinical syndromes. In this review, we will summarize the current evidence and strategies for conventional and immunosuppressive treatments for patients presenting with acute myocarditis.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors report no conflicts of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1.
FIGURE 1.
Different forms and etiology of myocarditis.
FIGURE 2.
FIGURE 2.
Etiology-guided treatment of myocarditis.
FIGURE 3.
FIGURE 3.
Risk stratification in myocarditis.
FIGURE 4.
FIGURE 4.
Future of personalized medicine in myocarditis.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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