Affiliations

• ¹ Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, 02115, Massachusetts, USA.
• ² Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, 02115, Massachusetts, USA.
• ³ Rosenstiel Basic Medical Sciences Research Center, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, 02454, Massachusetts, USA.
• ⁴ Whitehead Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02142, Massachusetts, USA.
• ⁵ Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel 24105, Germany.
• ⁶ Division of Cancer Medicine, Norwegian PSC Research Center, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 0424, Norway.
• ⁷ Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S1A8, Canada.
• ⁸ Department of Pathology, Cell Signalling Section, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK.
• ⁹ State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
• ¹⁰ Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal H3G 1Y6, Canada.
• ¹¹ Beckman Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, 91010, California, USA.
• ¹² Keenan Research Centre of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5S1A8, Canada.
• ¹³ GI Pathology, Miraca Life Sciences, Newton, 02464, Massachusetts, USA.
• ¹⁴ Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, 02115, Massachusetts, USA. rblumberg@partners.org.