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. 2024 Jan 24;13(3):676.
doi: 10.3390/jcm13030676.

Factors Associated with Increased Intraocular Pressure in Type 2 Diabetes Patients

Adina Braha  1   2 , Amanda Simion  3 , Romulus Timar  1   2 , Bogdan Timar  1   2
Affiliations

Factors Associated with Increased Intraocular Pressure in Type 2 Diabetes Patients

Adina Braha et al. J Clin Med. .

Abstract

Background: Over one-third of patients living with diabetes will develop ocular disease during their lifetime. The present study analyzes the association between metabolic and anthropometric markers, associated comorbidities, and intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).

Methods: The retrospective study included 87 adult patients with type 2 DM who underwent routine eye examinations and blood/urine tests.

Results: 67.9% of the patients had an IOP > 14.5 mmHg and only 41.3% had an HbA1c < 7%. In a multivariate regression analysis, the mean IOP was associated with diabetes duration in subjects with a disease duration < 15 years and an HbA1c < 7% (adjusted R2 = 0.29, p = 0.008). Also, patients with shorter diabetes duration and optimal glucose control had a lower mean IOP than patients with a higher HbA1c (mean IOP 15.1 mmHG vs. 18.9 mmHg, p = 0.04). The patient's age, anthropometric or metabolic markers, associated comorbidities like hypertension (HTN) or retinal angiosclerosis, and diabetes therapies were not associated with IOP in this study.

Conclusion: Diabetes progression is directly associated with increased IOP. Avoiding clinical inertia and optimizing glycemic control could prevent or delay the increase of IOP. Routine eye examination should include measuring IOP, not only diabetic retinopathy screening.

Keywords: diabetes duration; diabetic eye; hemoglobin A1c; intraocular pressure; predictive factors; type 2 diabetes.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Regression analysis of mean intraocular pressure and diabetes duration in type 2 diabetes patients who achieved the target of HbA1c < 7% compared to those with uncontrolled glycemia.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Comparison of mean intraocular pressure in type 2 diabetes patients with a disease duration below 15 years and glucose control.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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