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. 2024 Jan 27;13(3):413.
doi: 10.3390/foods13030413.

Assessing Matrix Solid-Phase Dispersion Extraction Strategies for Determining Bisphenols and Phthalates in Gilthead Sea Bream Samples

Dulce L Soliz  1 , Rosa Ma Garcinuño  1 , Gema Paniagua González  1 , Juan Carlos Bravo  1 , Pilar Fernández Hernando  1
Affiliations

Assessing Matrix Solid-Phase Dispersion Extraction Strategies for Determining Bisphenols and Phthalates in Gilthead Sea Bream Samples

Dulce L Soliz et al. Foods. .

Abstract

Microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) are widely spread in the environment, generating significant concern due to their potential impact on environmental health. Marine species usually ingest plastic fragments, mistaking them for food. Many toxic compounds, such as plastic additives that are not chemically bound to the plastic matrix, can be released from MPs and NPs and reach humans via the food chain. This paper highlights the development and validation of a straightforward solid-liquid extraction clean-up procedure in combination with a matrix solid-phase dispersion method using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) detection, enabling facile, precise, and reliable identification and quantitation of a total of six bisphenols and phthalates in gilthead sea breams. Under the optimized conditions, the developed method showed good linearity (R2 > 0.993) for all target compounds. The recoveries obtained were between 70 and 92%. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) for reproducibility (inter-day) and repeatability (intra-day) were less than 9% and 10%, respectively. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) for the target compounds ranged from 0.11 to 0.68 µg/kg and from 0.37 to 2.28 µg/kg, respectively. A new, efficient extraction methodology for the determination of BPA, BPS, BPF, DBP, DEP, and DHEP in gilthead seabream has been optimized and validated.

Keywords: HPLC-MS; MSPD; bisphenols; gilthead seabream; phthalates; plastic contaminants.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Chemical structures of bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol F (BPF), bisphenol S (BPS), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), diethyl phthlate (DEP), and diethyl hexyl phthalate (DEHP).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Optimized sample extraction procedure.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Analyte recoveries using two consecutive cleaning processes using 5 mL of different cleaning agents before MSPD extraction.
Figure 4
Figure 4
(a) Chromatograms at 210 nm of a standard sample of contaminants derived from plastics at different concentrations (__ 2 ppm/__ 1 ppm) and gilthead seabream sample (__). Peaks: (1) BPS, (2) BPF, (3) BPA, (4) DEP, (5) DBP, and (6) DEHP. (b) Chromatograms at 210 nm of a gilthead seabream sample (__) and the blank (__).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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