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Observational Study
. 2024 Feb 11;14(1):3458.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-53580-5.

Analysis of the transplacental transmission of SARS CoV-2 virus and antibody transfer according to the gestational age at maternal infection

Louise Lucot-Royer  1 , Camille Nallet  1 , Manon Vouga  1 , Marc Puyraveau  1 , Frederic Mauny  1 , Solène Marty-Quinternet  2 , Charline Bertholdt  3 , Jean-Paul Bory  4 , Christine Devalland  5 , Margaux Canaguier  5 , Camille Copolla  6 , Marie-Laure Eszto  7 , Yohny Montoya  7 , Marion Roesch  7 , Sandrine Reviron  8 , Didier Riethmuller  9 , Emma Rufenacht  10 , Emmanuel Simon  11 , Nicolas Mottet  12
Affiliations
Observational Study

Analysis of the transplacental transmission of SARS CoV-2 virus and antibody transfer according to the gestational age at maternal infection

Louise Lucot-Royer et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

To quantify transplacental transmission of SARS-CoV-2 virus and antibody transfer in pregnant women and their newborns according to the gestational age at maternal infection. A prospective observational multicenter study including pregnant women with a positive RT-PCR or a positive serology for SARS-CoV-2 and compatible symptoms, from April to December 2020, in 11 French maternities. The study was designed to obtain a systematic collection of mother-infant dyad's samples at birth. SARS-CoV-2 viral load was measured by RT-PCR. IgG and IgM antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Antibody concentrations and transplacental transfer ratios were analyzed according to the gestational age at maternal infection. The primary outcome was the rate of SARS CoV-2 materno-fetal transmission at birth. The secondary outcome was the quantification of materno-fetal antibody transfer. Maternal and neonatal outcomes at birth were additionally assessed. Among 165 dyads enrolled, one congenital infection was confirmed {n = 1 (0.63%) IC95% [0.02%; 3.48%]}. The average placental IgG antibody transfer ratio was 1.27 (IC 95% [0.69-2.89]). The transfer ratio increased with increasing time between the onset of maternal infection and delivery (P Value = 0.0001). Maternal and neonatal outcomes were reassuring. We confirmed the very low rate of SARS-CoV-2 transplacental transmission (< 1%). Maternal antibody transfer to the fetus was more efficient when the infection occurred during the first and second trimester of pregnancy.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flowchart.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Diagnosis of maternal infection and collected samples.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Transfer ratio according to time between infection and delivery.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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