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. 2024 Jan 24;9(5):5541-5547.
doi: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07569. eCollection 2024 Feb 6.

Novel and Reusable Graphene Oxide-Coated Reticulated Open-Cell Mullite Foams for Methylene Blue Dye Adsorption

Wadwan Singhapong  1 , Angkhana Jaroenworaluck  1 , Panlekha Manpetch  1
Affiliations

Novel and Reusable Graphene Oxide-Coated Reticulated Open-Cell Mullite Foams for Methylene Blue Dye Adsorption

Wadwan Singhapong et al. ACS Omega. .

Abstract

Reticulated open-cell mullite (ROM) foams coated with graphene oxide (GO) multilayers as novel and reusable composites (ROM/GO) were first fabricated and functionalized to remove methylene blue (MB) dye from aqueous solutions. In this study, the ROM foams were produced via a replica technique utilizing rice husk as a starting raw material of silica (SiO2) mixed with commercially available alumina (Al2O3) in the step of slurry preparation. GO was synthesized by a modification of Hummer's method and dispersed in a fixed weight ratio in an aqueous solution. The HCl-pretreated ROM foams were dip-coated for up to 5 cycles using a fixed weight ratio of GO in an aqueous solution. The experimental results revealed that the ROM/GO foams provided 100% adsorption efficiency for MB within 30 min. The adsorption kinetics of the ROM/GO foams followed the first-order model. Based on the microstructural investigations on the surfaces of the ROM foams compared with the ROM/GO foams, the adsorption performance was related to the unique porous structure of the ROM foams, incorporating the physicochemical properties of the GO-multilayered coating. Finally, the ROM/GO foams are considered as sustainable and cost-effective adsorbents due to their reusable functionality for at least 5 cycles of MB removal.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing financial interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Photographs of (a) ROM/GO foam and (b,c) MB adsorption tests with a ROM/GO foam at 0 and 60 min, respectively.
Figure 2
Figure 2
(a) Color changes of the MB solutions at different time intervals, (b) profiles of MB remaining in the solutions adsorbed by the ROM/GO foams compared with the ROM foams, and (c) pseudo-first-order kinetic plots for the MB adsorption.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Effectively reusable profiles of the ROM/GO foams.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Photographs of (a) as-received RH, (b) calcined RH designated as RHA, (c) ROM/GO foam, and (d) ROM/GO foam after cutting into 2 pieces with the specific size.
Figure 5
Figure 5
SEM images of (a) as-received PU foam and (b) sintered ROM foam showing pore characteristics.
Figure 6
Figure 6
XRD profiles of a ROM foam compared with Al2O3 and calcined RH designated as RH.
Figure 7
Figure 7
(a) HR-TEM image of graphite pencil leads, (b) bright field TEM image of GO, (c) GO in aqueous solution, and (d) SEM image observed on the surface of GO.
Figure 8
Figure 8
(a) XRD profiles of GO compared with the graphite pencil leads and (b) XPS wide scan spectrum of GO and (c) deconvoluted C 1s spectra of GO.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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